3S2665 
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Stem  f  ^e  feifimri?  of 

(pxofcBBox  TJ?ifftam  ^enrg  (Bteen 

U^equeaf^eb  6)?  ^im  to 
t^e  £i6rar)?  of 

(Princeton  ^^eofogicaf  ^eminarg 


AUS  29  1957 


EPISTLE  TO  THE  ROMANS. 


DESIGXETl  FOR 


BIBLE  CLASSES  AND  SUNDAY  SCHOOLS, 


BY 


CHARLES  HODGE, 

Professor  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton^ 


PHILADELPHIA: 

PUBLISHED  BY  GRIGG  &  ELLIOT, 

>'0.  9  XORTH  FOURTH  STREET. 
1835. 


ENTERED,  according  to  the  act  of  Congress,  in  the 
year  1835,  by  Charles  Hodge,  in  the  Clerk's  Office 
of  the  District  Court  for  the  District  of  New  Jersey. 


PRINCETON:  PRINTED  BI  JOHN  BOGART. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


These  questions  are  accommodated  to  the  Commen- 
tary on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  which  the  writer  has 
recently  published.  He  has,  therefore,  followed  the  di- 
vision of  the  chapters  into  sections,  and  not  attempted 
to  divide  them  into  lessons.  As  the  proper  length  of  a 
lesson  depends  so  much  on  the  age  of  the  pupils,  it 
must  be  left  to  the  judgment  of  the  teacher. 

For  the  sake  of  convenience  the  sacred  text  has  been 
printed  above  the  questions  relating  to  it. 

It  may  be  found  a  difficult  task  for  younger  pupils  to 
find  the  appropriate  answers  to  many  of  the  questions, 
which  must  be  asked  on  such  a  diflicult  portion  of  the 
scriptures  as  this  epistle.  But  the  effort  at  analysis,  and 
the  attention  requisite  to  discover  the  answers,  is  an  ex- 
cellent mental  discipline,  which,  although  in  this  case 
only  a  collateral  object,  is  one  of  no  slight  importance. 
In  some  instances,  where  the  answers  are  not  very  ob- 
vious, they  have  been  added  by  the  writer. 

The  questions  on  the  Introduction  must,  of  course, 
be  passed  over,  where  the  students  have  not  access  to 
soiTie  other  source  of  information  than  the  epistle  itself. 

The  student  will  observe  that  in  the  references  the 
figures  indicating  chapters  are,  in  all  cases,  separated  by 
a  colon  from  those  referring  to  verses. 

Princeton,  Avgust  1835. 


INTRODUCTION. 


History  of  Pant. 

In  what  state  were  the  heathen  and  Jewish  reUgions  at 

the  time  of  the  advent  1 
To  what    extent   did   skepticism   prevail   among   the 

heathen  1 
What  was  the  consequence  of  this  infideUty  1 
What  were  the  two  leading  sects  of  philosophers  ? 
What  were  the  characteristics  of  the  Stoics "? 
What  view  did  the  Platonists  take  of  the  popular  reli- 


gion 


What  effect  did  Platonism  produce  1 

What  was  the  state  of  tilings  among  the  Jews? 

What  were  the  principal  sects  among  them  1 

What  were  their  characteristics  ? 

How   was   Paul   specially   prepared  to  labour  in  this 

state  of  the  world  ■? 
Where  was  he  bom  ? 

What  was  the  character  of  Tarsus  for  Uterature  1 
What  evidence  is  there  that  Paul  received  part  of  his 

education  in  Tarsus  ] 
Where  was  he  principally  educated  1  Acts  22:  3. 
What  special  advantage  was  his  Jewish  education  to 

himl 
How  was   Paul   converted   to   Christianity?    Acts  9: 

1—10. 
By  whom  was  Paul  taught  the  gospell  Gal.  1:  21. 
What  was  Paul's  natural  disposition  ] 
W^hat  eflect  did  religion  produce  upon  him? 
A* 


Origin  and  Condition  of  the  CImrch  at  Rome. 

Were  the  Jews  at  this  time  widely  dispersed  among  the 

nations  ? 
How  did  this  faciUtate  the  progress  of  the  gospel  1 
What  evidence  is  there  that  they  were  very  numerous 

in  Rome? 
Had  many  of  the  Romans  become  proselytes? 
How  may  Christianity  have  been  mtroduced  into  Rome  ? 
Were  any  Roman  Jews  and  proselytes  present,  at  the 

day  of  Pentecost,  in  Jerusalem?  Acts  2:  10. 
Did  Peter  found  the  church  at  Rome  ? 
Is  there  evidence  that  Peter  never  was  at  Rome  prior  to 

Paul's  visit  there  ? 
Is  there  any  satisfactory  evidence  that  Peter  ever  was 

at  Rome? 
Do  we  know  certainly  when  or  by  whom  the  church  at 

Rome  was  founded? 
What  was  the  condition  of  the  congregation  ? 
Of  what  classes  of  persons  did  its  members  consist? 
Did  the  Gentile  or  Jewish  class  predominate?  ch.  1:  13. 

15:  16. 
What  was  the  design  of  the  apostle  in  writing  this 

epistle  ? 
What  errors  of  the  Jews  does  he  oppose  ? 
What  opinions  did  the  Jews  entertain  on  justification  ? 

Luke  3:  8.  Rom.  2:  3—5.  3:  1—5. 
What  was  their  opinion  as  to  the  persons  who  were  to 

be  admitted  into  the  kingdom  of  the  Messiah  ? 
Why  were  the  Jews  so  unwilling  to  submit  to  their 

heathen  rulers  ? 

Time  aiid  place  of  the  composition  of  the  Epistle. 
When  was  this  epistle  written?  ch.  15:  25.  Acts  20:  2, 

3,  16.     Jlns.  Probably  in  the  year  58  or  59. 
Where  was  it  written?  ch.  16;  1,  23;  compare  1  Cor. 

1:  14. 


Authenticity  of  the  Epistle. 
Whose  name  does  it  bear? 

Has  it  always  been  recognised  in  the  church  as  Paul's? 
How  does  it  appear  that  it  is  the  production  of  a  Jew  ? 
Does  it  agree  in  style  and  manner  with  Paul's  other 

epistles  1 
Does  it  coincide  in  its  statements  of  facts  with  the  other 

sacred  writings'?  compare  Rom.  15:  25 — 31  with  Acts 

20:  2,  3.  24:  17,  &c.  &c. 
Is  there  any  reason  for  doubting  its  authenticity  1 

A7iaJysis  of  the  Epistle. 
Of  how  many  parts  does  it  consist] 
What  does  the  first  part,  ch.  1 — 8,  relate  to  1 
What  does  the  second  part,  ch.  9 — 11,  treat  of? 
What  is  the  object  of  the  third  part  1 
How  far  does  the  introduction  extend] 
What  does  Paul  prove  respecting  the  Gentiles  ]  ch.  1 : 

18—32. 
Does  he  prove  that  the  Jews  also  cannot  be  justified  by 

works]  ch2.  3:  1—20. 
What  does  he  exhibit  in  ch.  3:  21—31  ] 
What  is  the  object  of  chs.  4  and  5  ] 
What  objections  are  answered  in  chs.  6  and  7 1 
What  is  the  design  of  ch.  8  ] 
What  principle  does  Paul  assume  in  arguing  with  the 

Gentiles]  ch.  1:  18. 
Wliat  charge  does  he  establish  against  them  ]    ch.  1 : 

19—32. 
How  does  he  commence  his  argument  against  the  Jews  ] 

ch.  2:  1—16. 
Does  he  prove  that  the  Jews  cannot  be  justified  before , 

God]  ch.  2:  17—29. 
Will  the  pecuUar  privileges  of  the  Jews  protect  them  ? 

ch.  3:  1—20. 
What  is  the  true  method  of  justification]  ch  3:  21—31. 


8 

How  does  Paul  prove  this  to  be  the  true  method  ?  ch. 

4:  1—25. 
What  are  the  resuUs  of  tliis  method  of  justification  ? 

ch.  5:  1—11. 
What  is  the  design  of  ch.  5:  12—21] 
How  does  Paul  show  that  gratuitous  justification  does 

not  lead  to  the  indulgence  of  sin?  ch.  6:  1 — 11. 
On  what  mistake   is  this   objection   founded?    ch.  6: 

12—23. 
How  does  Paul  illustrate  the  necessity  of  deliverance 

from  the  law  1  ch.  7:  1—6. 
What  is  the  design  and  effect  of  the  law  1  ch.  7:  7 — 25. 
How  does  Paul  demonstrate  the  safety  of  believers? 

ch.  8:  1—39. 
What  does  the  second  part  of  the  epistle  relate  to  ? 
How  is  it  proved  that  all  the  natural  descendants  of 

Abraham  are  not  the  true  people  of  God?   ch.  9: 

1—11. 
How  does  Paul  prove  that  God  chooses  whom  he  will? 

ch.  9:  6—24. 
Had  God  predicted  the  rejection  of  the  Jews  ?  ch.  9: 

25—33. 
Why  were  they  rejected?  ch.  10:  1 — 5. 
On  what  ground  does  Paul  argue  that  the  gospel  should 

be  preached  to  all  men?  ch.  10:  6 — 21. 
Is  the  rejection  of  the  Jews  total?  ch.  11:  1 — 11. 
Is  there  to  be  a  general  conversion  of  the  Jews?  ch.  11: 

11—36. 
To  what  does  the  tliird  part  of  the  epistle  refer  ?  chs. 

12—16. 


QUESTIOjNS 


EPISTLE  TO  THE  ROMANS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

Of  how  many  parts  does  tliis  chapter  consist?     Ans. 

Two,  vs.  1—17,  and  vs.  18—32. 
What  eire  the  contents  of  each  ] 

CHAP.  1:  1—17. 

'Paul,  a  servant  of  Jesus  Christ,  called  to  be  an 
apostle,  separated  unto  the  gospel  of  God,  -(which  he 
had  promised  afore  by  his  prophets  in  the  holy  scriptures,) 
Sconceming  liis  Son  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord,  which  was 
made  of  the  seed  of  David  according  to  the  flesh ;  ^and 
declared  to  be  the  Son  of  God  with  power,  according 
to  the  Spirit  of  holiness,  by  the  resurrection  from  the 
dead :  ^by  whom  we  have  received  grace  and  apostleship, 
for  obedience  to  the  faith  among  all  nations,  for  his 
name :  ^among  whom  are  ye  also  the  called  of  Jesus 
Christ:  'to  all  that  be  in  Rome,  beloved  of  God,  called 
to  be  saints :  Grace  to  you,  and  peace,  from  God  our 
Father,  and  the  Lord  Jesus  Clirist. 

^First,  I  thank  my  God  through  Jesus  Christ  for 
you  all,  that  your  faith  is  spoken  of  tluroughout  the 
whole  world.  ^For  God  is  my  witness,  whom  I  serve 
with  my  spirit  in  the  gospel  of  his  Son,  that  without 


10 


ceasing  I  make  mention  of  you  alwaj^s  in  my  prayers ; 
i^making  request  if  by  any  means  now  at  length  I 
might  have  a  prosperous  journey  by  the  will  of  God  to 
come  unto  you.  "For  I  long  to  see  you,  that  I  may 
impart  unto  you  some  spiritual  gift,  to  the  end  you  may 
be  established:  i^that  is,  that  I  may  be  comforted  to- 
gether with  you,  by  the  mutual  faith  both  of  you  and 
me.  i3]\'ow  I  would  not  have  you  ignorant,  brethren, 
that  oftentimes  I  purposed  to  come  unto  you,  (but  was 
let  hitherto,)  that  I  might  have  some  fruit  among  you 
also,  even  as  among  other  Gentiles.  ^^I  am  debtor 
both  to  the  Greeks  and  to  the  Barbarians,  both  to  the 
wise  and  to  the  unwise.  Jsgo,  as  much  as  in  me  is,  I 
am  ready  to  preach  the  gospel  to  you  that  are  at  Rome 
also,  isfor  I  am  not  ashamed  of  the  gospel  of  Christ: 
for  it  is  the  power  of  God  unto  salvation,  to  every  one 
that  believeth ;  to  the  Jew  first,  and  also  to  the  Greek. 
I'^For  therein  is  the  righteousness  of  God  revealed 
from  faith  to  faith :  as  it  is  written.  The  just  shall  live 
by  faith. 


Of  how  many  parts  does  this  section  consist?     ^-iiis. 

Two,  vs.  1—7,  and  vs.  8—17. 
What  are  the  contents  of  each  ? 
What  does  Paul  declare  himself  to  be?  v.  1. 
What  does  he  say  of  the  gospel  ?  v.  2. 
What  is  the  great  subject  of  the  gospel  ?  v.  3. 
What  does  he  say  of  Clurist?  vs.  3,  4. 
From  whom  did  Paul  receive  his  appomtment  as  an 

apostle?  V.  5. 
What  was  the  object  of  this  office  ?  v.  5. 
For  what  did  Paul  give  thanks?  v.  8. 
What  does  he  appeal  to  as  evidence  of  his  concern  for 

the  Roman  Christians?  vs.  9,  10,  11. 
Why  did  Paul  wish  to  see  them?  vs.  12,  13. 


li 


Why  (lid  he  feel  ready  to  preach  even  at  Romel  V£)# 

14,  15. 
On  what  was  his  reverence  for  the  gospel  founded  ]  v.  1 6. 
To  what  does  Paul  ascribe  the  efficacy  of  the  gospel, 

V.  17. 
What  are  the  two  great  subjects  thus  introduced  1 


Commentary. 

(1)  What  was  Paul's  original  name] 

On  what  occasions  was  it  customary  among  the  Jews 

to  change  the  names  of  persons'!  Gen.  17:  5.  32:  28. 

41:  45.  Dan.  1:  6,  7. 
Why  was  the  apostle's  name  changed? 
What  do  the  phcrases  servant  of  Christ  and  servant  of 

Godmeanl  Gal.  1:  10.  Phil,  li  1.  Num.  12:  7.  Jos. 

24:  29.  Judges  2:  8. 
What  does  the  word  called  mean  in  this  place  ?  vs.  6,  7^ 

1  Cor.  1:  1,  24.  Rom.  8:  28. 
What  does  the  word  apostle  mean,  and  what  was  the 

nature  and  design  of  the  apostoUc  office"!  Acts  1:  22. 

2:  32.  3:  15.  1  Cor.  15:  15.  1  Cor.  9:  1. 
What  does  the  word  separated  here  mean?  Lev.  20s 

24,  26.  Acts  13:  2.  Gal.  1:  15. 
What  does  the  expression  gospel  of  God  mean? 

(2)  Had  the  gospel  been  promised  of  old? 

Was  it  of  importance  to  the  apostle's  object  to  show 
that  he  did  not  teach  a  new  doctrine  ? 

Does  he  elsewhere  say  that  the  leading  truths  of  the 
gospel  were  taught  by  the  ancient  prophets  ?  ch.  3: 
21.   10:  11.  9:  27,  33.  10:  20,  21.  9:  25. 

(3,  4)  What  is  the  great  subject  of  the  gospel  ? 

What  is  the  general  meaning  of  these  verses  ?  ^ns.  As 
to  his  human  nature  he  was  the  son  of  David;  as  to  his 
divine  nature  he  was  declared  to  be  the  Son  of  God. 

What  does  the  word  made  here  mean?  Gal.  4:  4.  John 
8:  41. 


12 


What  does  the  word  fesh  here  mean  ?  ch.  9:  5.  John 

1:  14.  1  Tim.  3;  16.  1  John  4:  2. 
What  does  the  word  declared  here  mean] 
What  was  Christ  declared  to  be  ] 
What  is  the   meaning  of  the   phrase  .Son  of   God? 

Ans.  He  who  is  of  the  same  nature  with  God,  and, 

therefore,  equal  with  him ;  see  John  5:  17.  10:  30 — 39. 

Heb.  1.  4 — 8;  compare  John  1:  14,  18. 
Is  any  person,  besides  the  Saviour,  ever  called  the  Son 

of  Godi  see  Luke  3:  8. 
What  is  the  ground  of  Adam's  being,  in  this  single 

case,  called  the  Son  of  God  1 
What  reason  is  assigned  in  Luke  1:  35  for  Christ  being 

called  the  Son  of  God?     Jins.  Either  because  his  hu- 
man nature  was  to  be  miraculously  conceived,  or  that 

the  divine  Being  was  to  come  into  personal  union 

with  that  nature. 
With  what  are  the  words  xvith  power  to  be  connected, 

and  what  do  they  mean  ] 
What  is  the  meanmg  of  the  phrase  accordiiig  to  tlte 

Spirit  of  holiness?     Ans.  According  to  his  divine 

nature. 
Is  the  word  Spirit  elsewhere  used  in  reference  to  the 

divine  nature  of  Christ]   1  Tim.  3:  16.  Heb.  9:  14. 

1  Pet.  3:  18. 
To  what  do  the  words  according  to   (or,  as  to)  the 

Spirit  of  holiness  stand  opposed  in  this  passage  ] 
Does  Paul  elsewhere  bring  the  two  natures  of  Christ 

thus  into  contrast]  ch.  9:  5. 
How  was  Christ  declared  or  proved  to  be  the  Son  of 

God] 
How  did  the  resurrection  of  Christ  prove  him  to  be  the 

Son  of  God  ] 
Is  the  resurrection  of  Christ  elsewhere  referred  to  as  the 

great  decisive    evidence    of  the  validity   of    all   his 

claims]  Acts  17:  31.  1  Cor.  15:  14,  17, 18.  Acts  1:  22, 
(5)  What  did  Paul  receive  from  Christ] 


13 

What  is  meant  hy  grace  and  apostleship?  fch.  15:  16^ 

16.  Eph.  3:  8. 
For  what  purpose  did  Paul  receive  this  office  1 
What  does /or  obedience  to  the  faith  meanl 
Was  the  commission  of  the  apostles  confined  to  any 

one  nation  ] 
What  is  here  meant  hj  for  his  name? 

(6)  Were  the  Romans  embraced  within  the  scope  of 
Paul's  commission  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  called  of  Jesus  Christ  P  1  Cor. 
1:  24.  Rev.  17;  14.  Rom.  8:  30.  Jude  1:  1. 

(7)  With  what  is  this  verse  to  be  connected'?     ^ns. 
With  V.  1. 

What  does  Paul  here  denominate  Christians  ] 

What  does  the  expression  called  to  be  saints  imply  ? 

V.  1.  1  Cor.  1:  2. 
What  does  the  word  saints  mean  1 
How  are  men  made  saints,  by  an  external  or  internal 

call]  1  Cor.  1:  24.  Roiii.  8:  30. 
What  is  meant  by  grace  and  peace  P 
From  whom  does  Paul  seek  these  blessings  t 
Does  Paul  here  pray  to  Jesus  Christ] 

(8)  How  far  does  the  introduction  to  the  epistle,  com- 
mencing with  this  verse,  extendi 

For  what  does  Paul  commend  the  Romans'? 

Whom   does  he  acknowledge  as  the  author  of  their 

faith? 
What  is  implied  in  his  calling  God  my  God  1  Jer.  30;  22. 
Through  whom  does  Paul  render  thanks  to  God  ?  Eph. 

5;  20.  Heb.  13:  15.  John  14;  13. 

(9)  What  does  Paul  refer  to  as  proof  that  he  was 
thankful  for  the  faith  of  the  Romans  1 

What  is  meant  by  saying  God  is  my  witness '?  2  Cor. 

1:  23.  Gal.  1:  20.  Phil.  1:  8. 
How  does  Paul  say  he  served  (or  worshipped)  God  ? 
What  is  meant  by  tvith  my  spirit  ? 
How  did  Paul  serve  God  in  the  gospel? 
B 


14 


Why  is  the  gospel  called  the  gospel  of  his  Son  ? 

(10)  For  what  did  Paul  so  constantly  pray  1 
What  is  meant  here  by  the -will  of  God? 

Does  Paul  recognise  the  providence  of  God  as  extend- 
ing to  all  the  affairs  of  life  1 

(11)  Why  was  Paul  so  desirous  to  visit  Rome? 
What  is  meant  by  spiritual  gifts  ?  v.  12. 
Why  are  such  gifts  called  spiritual? 

Had  the  apostles  the  power  of  bestowing  miraculous 
gifts]  Acts  8:  17.  19:  6. 

(12)  Did  Paul  expect  to  receive  as  well  to  impart  good 
in  his  intercourse  with  his  brethren] 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  mutual  faith? 

(13)  Had  Paul  long  intended  to  visit  Rome] 

What  had  hitherto  prevented  his  doing  so]  ch.  15: 

21,  22. 
What  is  meant  by  having  fruit  ] 

(14)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  I  am  debtor 
to  the  Greeks,  &c.] 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  Barbarians  ?  Acts 

28:  2,  4.  Col.  3:  11 ;  compare  1  Cor.  14:  11. 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  Greeks  used  here  ] 

(15)  What  is  the  force  of  the  word  so,  at  the  beginning 
of  this  verse  ] 

Were  there  any  reasons  why  preaching  the  gospel  at 
Rome  should  be  more  trying,  than  preaching  it  in 
other  places  ] 

(16)  Whence  did  Paul's  readiness  to  preach  the  gospel 
arise] 

Why  was  he  not  ashamed  of  the  gospel  ] 

What  is  meant  by  the  gospel's  being  the  poiver  of 

God?  Acts  8:  10.  1  Cor.  1:  18,  24. 
What  is  it  so  powerful  in  effecting  ] 
Whose  salvation  is  effected  by  the  gospel  ] 
Is  the  efficacy  of  the  gospel  confined  to  any  one  class 

of  men] 


I 


15 

In  what  sense  was  the  gospel  designed  Jlrst  for  the 
Jews] 

Who  are  here  intended  by  the  Greeks  P  ch.  2:  9.  3:  9. 

Why  did  the  apostles  use  the  word  Greek  as  equiva- 
lent to  Gentile  P 

(17)  To  what  does  Paul  attribute  the  efficacy  of  the 
Gospel  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  righteousness  of  God? 

Does  it  mean  any  of  the  divine  attributes,  or,  his  plan 
of  justification,  or,  that  righteousness,  which  God  be- 
stows, and  which  is  acceptable  to  him]  see  ch.  3:  21. 
10:  3.  Phil.  3:  9.  <'The  righteousness  which  is  of 
God." 

How  is  this  righteousness  from  or  by  faith  ] 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  from  faith  to  faith  ? 
compare  2  Cor.  2:  16. 

What  passage  of  scripture  does  Paul  cite  in  confirma- 
tion of  his  doctrine]  Habak.  2:  4. 

What  is  this  passage  quoted  to  prove,  and  how  does  it 
establish  the  point  in  hand  ] 

Are  we  to  read  "the  just  by  faith,  shall  live,"  or,  "  the 
just,  shall  live  by  faith]" 

What  is  meant  by  shall  live?  ch.  5:  17.  8:  13.  10:  5. 

Doctrines. 

What  doctrinal  instruction  is  contained  in  vs.  1 — 5, 
respecting  the  origin  artd  nature  of  the  ministerial 
office] 

Was  the  gospel  taught  in  the  Old  Testament]  v.  2. 

What  doctrine  is  taught  in  vs.  3,  4,  respecting  the  na- 
ture of  Christ] 

What  is  the  nature  of  the  Sonship  of  Christ]  vs.  3,  4. 

What  is  taught  in  vs.  7,  8,  respecting  Christ] 

What  is  to  be  inferred  from  vs.  8 — 10,  as  to  the  nature 
of  God,  and  the  manner  in  which  he  is  to  be  wor- 
shipped ] 


16 


What  is  taught  in  vs.  14,  15,  respecting  the  duties  of 

ministers  ? 
What  doctrine  do  vs.  16,  17  teach,  as  to  the  means  of 

effecting  the  salvation  of  men  1 
What  is  taught  in  v.  17,  as  to  the  source  of  the  power 

of  the  gospel  1 

JR  em  arks. 
What  lesson  may  ministers  learn  as  to  their  engaging 

in  worldly  pursuits,  from  the  doctrine  taught  in  v.  1 "! 
What  ought  to  be  the  exercises  of  Christians  towards 

Christ  ]  vs.  1—8. 
What  are  the  duties  and  privileges  involved  in  being 

saints'?  v.  7. 
What  lesson  does  Paul's  manner  of  introducing  this 

epistle  teach  us  as  to  the  way  of  presenting  truth  I 

vs.  8—14. 
Why  are  graces  or  Christian  virtues  ground  for  thank- 
fulness? V.  8. 
What  does  v.  12  teach  us  as  to  the  object  to  be  aimed 

at  in  Christian  intercourse  1 
What  doctrine  does  v.  17  represent  as  the  fundamental 

doctrine  of  the  gospel  ? 
What  act  does  v.  17  teach  us  every  man  must  perform 

in  order  to  salvation  1 


CHAP.  1:  18—32. 

'sPor  the  wrath  of  God  is  revealed  from  heaven 
against  all  ungodliness,  and  unrighteousness  of  men, 
who  hold  the  truth  in  unrighteousness :  '^because  that 
which  may  be  known  of  God  is  manifest  in  them ;  for 
God  hath  shewed  it  unto  them.  2oFor  the  invisible 
things  of  him  from  the  creation  of  the  world  are 
clearly  seen,  being  understood  by  the  tilings  that  are 
made,  even  his  eternal  power  and  Godliead :  so  that 


17 


they  are  without  excuse,  ^i^ecause  that,  when  they 
knew  God,  they  glorified  him  not  as  God,  neither  were 
thankful,  but  hecame  vain  in  their  imaginations,  and 
their  fooHsh  heart  was  darkened :  22pj-ofessing  them- 
selves to  be  wise,  they  became  fools,  ^^and  changed 
the  glory  of  the  uncorruptible  God  into  an  im^age  made 
like  to  coiTuptible  man,  and  to  birds,  and  to  four-footed 
beasts,  and  creeping  things.  24 Wherefore  God  also 
gave  them  up  to  uncleanness  through  the  lusts  of  their 
own  hearts,  to  dishonour  their  own  bodies  between  them- 
selves: 25who  changed  the  truth  of  God  into  a  lie, 
and  worshipped  and  served  the  creature  more  than  the 
Creator,  who  is  blessed  for  ever.  Amen.  26^01-  this 
cause  God  gave  them  up  unto  vile  affections :  for  even 
then-  women  did  change  the  natural  use  into  that  which 
is  against  nature:  27and  likewise  also  the  men, 
leaving  the  natural  use  of  the  women,  burned  in  their 
lust  one  towards  another ;  men  with  men  working  that 
which  is  unseemly,  and  receiving  in  themselves  that  re- 
compense of  their  error  which  w'as  meet.  2SAnd  even 
as  they  did  not  like  to  retain  God  in  their  knowledge, 
God  gave  them  over  to  a  reprobate  mind,  to  do  those 
things  w'hich  are  not  convenient;  2Sbeing  filled  with 
all  unrighteousness,  fornication,  wickedness,  covetous- 
ness,  maliciousness  ;  full  of  envy,  murder,  debate,  deceit, 
malignity,  whisperers,  ^cbackbiters,  haters  of  God,  de- 
spiteful ;  proud,  boasters,  inventors  of  evil  things,  dis- 
obedient to  parents,  ^Hvithout  understanding,  covenant- 
breakers,  without  natural  affection,  implacable,  unmer- 
ciful :  32who  knowing  the  judgment  of  God,  that  they 
which  commit  such  things  are  worthy  of  death,  not 
only  do  the  same,  but  have  pleasure  in  them  that  do 
them; 

Analysis. 
What  had  Paul  stated  in  the  preceding  verses  ?     Ajis. 
That  the  only  righteousness  available  in  the  sight  of 
God,  is  that  which  is  attained  by  faith. 


18 


How  does  he  prove  this  1     Aiis.  By  showing  that  God 

is  just,  and  that  all  men  are  sinners. 
What  is  the  immediate  design  of  this  section  1 
What  principle  is  laid  down  in  v.  18  ? 
What  charges  does  the  apostle  establish  agamst  the 

Gentiles  ? 
How  does  he  prove  that  they  are  justly  chargeable  v^rith 

impiety  1 
Have  they  enjoyed  such  a  revelation  of  the  divine  per- 
fections as  to  render  them  inexcusable]  vs.  19,  20. 
Did  they  act  in  conformity  with  their  knowledge  of 

God?  vs.  21— 23. 
What  was  the  consequence  of  their  apostacy  from  God  ] 

vs.  24—31. 
Pid  they  commit  the  crimes  charged  upon  them  igno- 

rantly  1  v.  32. 

Commejitary. 

(18)  What  is  the  force  of  the  word  for  in  this  verse, 
or,  how  does  this  verse  confirm  the  doctiine  of  the 
preceding  ones  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  wrath  of  God  ? 

How  is  this  wrath  revealed  ] 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  it  is  revealed  from 
heaven  1 

What  is  it  revealed  against  1 

How  do  the  words  ungodliness  and  unnghteoiisness 
differ? 

Does  Paul  prove  or  assume  that  God  will  punish  sin? 

On  what  ground  is  the  punitive  justice  of  God  taken 
for  granted  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  truth  in  this  verse  ?  Ans.  That 
which  is  true  and  right ;  religion ;  see  Jolm  8:  32. 
Rom.  2:  20.  2  Cor.  4:  2.  John  3:  21.  1  John  1:  6. 

What  is  meant  by  holding  the  truth  in  unrighteous- 
ness ?  Ans.  Wickedly  opposing  the  truth ;  or,  hav- 
ing the  truth  together  with  unrighteousness;  com- 
pare James  2:  1. 


19 

(19)  What  is  the  force  o^  smce  at  the  beginning  of  this 
verse?  .his.  Their  conduct  is  wicked,  since  they 
knew  better. 

What  is  meant  by  that  which  may  be  Imown  of  God  1 
What  is  meant  by  m  them  ] 

Does  Paul  refer  to  an  external  revelation  merely  ? 
What  is  the  force  of  the  clause  "  for  God  hath  showed 

it  unto  them]" 
Is  the  knowledge,  of  which  Paul  speaks,  discovered  by 

reason,  or  is  it  a  revelation  1 

(20)  What  is  this  verse  designed  to  confirm  1 
What  are  the  invisible  things  of  God  1 

What  is  meant  by  his  eternal  power  and  Godhead  T 

How  are  these  invisible  things  seen  1 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  things  that  are  made"  or  done  1 

Has  this  revelation  always  been  made  1 

Is  it  sufficient  to  render  the  neglect  of  God  inexcusable  1 

(21)  What  is  this  verse  designed  to  prove  1  ..ins.  That 
the  ungodUness  of  men  is  inexcusable. 

Why  is  it  inexcusable  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "when  they  knew  Godi" 

Do  the  heathen  actually  know  God  ? 

In  what  respects  did  the  heathen  act  contrary  to  their 
knowledge  ? 

What  is  meant  by  "  not  glorifying  God  as  God  1" 

What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  Neither  were  thankful  1" 

What  were  the  consequences  of  this  neglect  of  God? 

What  is  meant  by  their  becoming  vain  in  their  imagi- 
nations ] 

What  does  the  word  imaffinations  here  mean  ? 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  foolish  here  used]  v.  21. 
ch.  10:  19. 

What  does  the  clause  "  their  foolish  heart  was  darken- 
ed" mean  ]  Ans.  Their  soul  lost  all  proper  appre- 
hensions of  the  divine  character  and  perfections. 

Does  the  word  heart  elsewhere  mean  the  soul  ?  Matt. 
13:  15.  Rom.  10:  10.  2  Cor.  4:  6. 


20 


(^2)  Were  they  i=;ensible  of  their  folly  1 
What  did  they  profess  to  be  ? 
What  were  they  in  reality  1 

Have  men  always  evinced  pride  and  folly  united  when 
they  depart  from  God  ? 

(23)  Wherein  did  the  great  folly  of  the  heathen  con- 
sist? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  glory  of  the  incorrupti- 
ble God?" 

What  does  the  clause  "  they  changed  the  glory  of  God 
into  an  image,  &c."  mean  1  .^ns.  They  exchanged 
the  glorious  God  for  idols.  Jer.  2:  11.  Hos.  4:  6.^ 
Ps.  106:  20. 

Did  the  ancient  heathen  actually  worship  men,  beasts, 
and  reptiles  1 

Did  they  worship  the  idols  themselves,  or  the  idols  as 
symbols  of  the  divine  Being  ? 

Is  it  idolatry  to  worship  God  through  the  medium  of 
idols,  of  men,  and  animals  ? 

(24)  How  did  God  express  his  displeasure  on  account 
of  the  idolatry  of  the  heathen  ] 

What  is  meant  by  God's  delivering  men  up  to  sin  ? 

Ps.  51:  11.  H6s.  4:  17.  Rom.  9:   18.  2  Thess  2: 

11,  12. 
Is  this  abandonment  of  sinners  by  God  a  punishment  ? 
W^hat  did  God  abandon  them  to  1     Ans.  To  their  own 

evil  passions. 

(25)  Why  did  God  thus  give  them  up  1  Jlns.  Because 
they  changed,  &c. 

What  is  meant  by  changing  the  truth  of  God  into  a  lie  1 
Ans.  They  exchanged  the  true  God  for  .false  Gods. 

Why  are  idols  called  a  lie  1 

What  is  the  difference  here  between  the  words  -worship 
and  serve  ? 

What  is  meant  by  their  worshipping  the  creature  more 
than  the  Creator  ?     Ans.  Instead  of  the  Creator. 


21 


What  led  Paul  in  view  of  the  wickedness  and  folly  of 
the  heathen  to  call  God  "blessed  for  ever]" 

What  does  the  word  Amen  mean  1 

(28)  What  is  meant  by  not  liking  to  retain  God  in  their 
knowledge  ]  Ajis.  They  did  not  tliink  it  worth  while 
to  retain  the  knowledge  of  God. 

To  what  did  God  give  them  up  ] 

What  is  a  reprobate  mind  1 

What  is  meant  by  things  which  are  not  convenient } 
Alls.  Things  not  becoming  the  nature  or  duties  of 
man. 

(29 — 31)  Have  the  crimes  here  specified  always  pre- 
vailed among  the  heathen  1 

(32)  Do  they  commit  these  things  ignorantly  ? 

How  do  they  know  these  things  to  be  wrong  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  judgment  of  God '?  Ans.  His 
will,  his  law. 

Are  they  aware  of  what  sin  deserves  ? 

What  is  meant  by  death  ?  ch.  6  :  23. 

Whence  do  the  heathen  derive  the  knowledge  here 
spoken  of? 

Are  these  sms  committed  only  under  the  excitement  of 
passion  1 

What  evidence  does  Paul  give  that  they  sin  deliberately? 

Doctrines. 

What  is  taught  in  v.  18  respecting  the  punitive  justice 
of  God  ] 

Is  the  intrinsic  ill-desert  of  sin  a  self-evident  truth  1  vs. 
18,  32. 

Has  God  ever  left  men  without  instruction  as  to  his  own 
character  and  the  rule  of  duty  1  vs.  1 9,  20,  32. 

Do  verses  21 — 23  teach  that  natural  religion  is  a  suffi- 
cient guide  to  salvation  ] 

Does  experience  teach  that  the  heathen  need  the  gospel, 
in  order  to  lead  them  to  God  1  vs.  21 — 23. 


22 


What  doctrine  do  vs.  24,  26,  28  teach  respecting  the 

judicial  abandonment  of  men  ] 
What  do  verses  24 — 28  teach  respecting  the  connexion 

between  irreUgion  and  immorality  ] 
What  doctrine  does  v.  32  teach  respecting  conscience  > 

Remarks. 

What  do  vs.  18,  32,  teach,  as  to  the  folly  of  palliating 

our  sins  ? 
In  what  way  ought  we  to  look  upon  the  works  of  God  > 

vs.  18—21. 
What  lesson  as  to  the  imbecility  of  the  human  intellect 

does  the  passage  vs.  21 — 23  teach  1 
In  what  light  ought  we  to  view  our  sins  if  even  the 

sins  of  the  heathen  are  inexcusable  ]  vs.  20 — 23. 
What  do  vs.  24 — 28  teach  us  as  to  the  ground  of  our 

security  from  gross  sins  1 
What  does  v.  32  teach  as  to  the  sin  of  taking  pleasure 

in  those  that  do  evil  > 


CHAPTER  II. 

W^hat  is  the  design  of  tliis  chapter  ? 

Of  how  many  parts  does  it  consist  ?     Ans.  Three ;  vs. 

1_16,  vs.  17—24,  vs.  25—29. 
What  are  the  contents  of  each  ^ 

CHAP.  2:  1—16. 

^Therefore  thou  art  inexcusable,  O  man,  whosoever 
thou  art  that  judgest:  for  wherein  thou  judgest  an- 
other, thou  condemnest  thyself;  for  thou  that  judgest, 
doest  the  same  things.  ^^\xi  we  are  sure  that  the 
judgment  of  God  is  according  to  truth,  against  them 


23 


which  commit  such  things.  3  \nd  thinkest  thou  this, 
O  man,  that  judgest  them  which  do  such  things,  and 
doest  the  same,  that  thou  shalt  escape  the  judgment  of 
God  ■?  ''Or  despisest  thou  the  riches  of  his  goodness 
and  forbearance  and  long-suffering,  not  knowing  that 
the  goodness  of  God  leadeth  thee  to  repentance  ]  ^Bxit, 
after  thy  hardness  and  impenitent  heart,  treasurest  up 
unto  thyself  wrath  against  the  day  of  wrath,  and  reve- 
lation of  the  righteous  judgment  of  God ;  ^^ho  will 
render  to  every  man  according  to  his  deeds :  '^to  them, 
who,  by  patient  continuance  in  well  doing,  seek  for 
glory  and  honour  and  immortality,  eternal  life:  -but 
unto  them  that  are  contentious,  and  do  not  obey  the 
truth,  but  obey  unrighteousness  ;  indignation  and  wrath, 
stribulation  and  anguish,  upon  every  soul  of  man  that 
doeth  evil,  of  the  Jew  first,  and  also  of  the  Gentile: 
''■'but  glory,  honour,  and  peace,  to  every  man  that 
worketh  good,  to  the  Jew  first,  and  also  to  the  Gentile : 
"For  there  is  no  respect  of  persons  with  God.  ^^por 
as  many  as  have  sinned  without  law,  shall  also  perish 
without  law :  and  as  many  as  have  sinned  in  the  law 
shall  be  judged  by  the  law;  i3(for  not  the  hearers  of 
the  law  are  just  before  God,  but  the  doers  of  the  law 
shall  be  justified.  '-^For  when  the  Gentiles,  which 
have  not  the  law,  do  by  nature  the  things  contained  in 
the  law,  these,  having  not  the  law,  are  a  law  unto 
themselves:  i^which  show  the  work  of  the  law 
written  in  their  hearts,  their  conscience  also  bearing 
witness,  and  their  thoughts  the  mean  while  accusing 
or  else  excusing  one  another,)  i^in  the  day  when 
God  shall  judge  the  secrets  of  men,  by  Jesus  Christ, 
according  to  my  gospel. 

Analysis. 
Were  the  Jews  ready  to  admit  that  the  wicked  heathen 

would  be  punished  1 
Were  they  ready  to  admit  the  same  rules  of  judgment 

respecting  themselves  1 


24 

'What  is  Paul's  design  in  this  section  ?  .9ns.  To  make 
such  an  exhibition  of  the  principles  of  divine  justice 
as  would  convince  the  Jews  of  their  exposui-e  to  con- 
demnation. 

What  is  the  first  of  these  principles  ]  v.  1. 

What  is  the  second "?  v.  2. 

What  is  the  third  1  vs.  3—5. 

What  is  the  fourth  ?  vs.  6—11. 

What  is  the  fifth  1  v.  12. 

When  are  men  to  be  judged  on  these  principles  1  v.  16, 

What  are  vs.  13 — 15  designed  to  prove"? 

Co?nmeniary. 

(1)  What  was  the  principal  dependence  of  the  Jew  7 
^ns.  The  covenant  of  God  with  Abraham. 

Did  they  expect  to  be  treated  on  the  same  principles  of 
justice  with  other  men  1 

What  course  does  the  apostle  take  to  secure  the  assent 
of  the  Jews  to  the  principles  which  he  here  lays 
down  1  Ans.  By  stating  them  in  general  terms  be- 
fore making  any  special  application  of  them  to  the 
Jews. 

W^hat  is  the  connexion  between  this  verse  and  the 
preceding  chapter  indicated  by  the  word  therefore  ? 
Jins.  Since  those  who  commit  sin  know  they  are 
worthy  of  death  (v.  32),  therefore  he  is  inexcusable 
who,  recognising  the  ill-desert  of  sin  by  condemning 
others,  yet  sins  himself. 

How  does  it  appear  that  the  Jew  is  specially  intended 
in  this  passage  1  vs.  9,  10,  17,  &c. 

What  does  the  word  judge  here  mean  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  here  of  the  words  in  that  ? 

What  is  the  general  truth  taught  here?  Jlns.  That 
the  ground  of  condemnation  is  the  nature  of  the 
thing  done,  not  the  peculiar  circumstances  of  the 
person  who  does  it. 

What  is  meant  by  the  judgment  of  God  } 


25 


(2)  What  is  meant  by  according  to  the  truth  P  AtiS, 
According  to  the  real  state  of  the  case.  God's  de- 
cisions are  just,  and  according  to  the  true  standard, 
V.  11.  John  8:  15,  16. 

Against  whom  are  his  judgments  directed  1 
Does  it  matter  whether  these  tilings  are  committed  by 
Jew  or  Gentile  1 

(3)  Did  the  Jews  think  to  escape  though  they  com- 
mitted the  sins  which  they  condemned  in  others  ] 

Does  this  interrogation  imply  a  denial  that  such  per- 
sons can  escape  \ 
Why  cannot  they  escape  ] 

(4)  On  what  ground  did  the  Jews  expect  to  escape  ? 
Matt.  3 :  9.  John  8  :  33.  Rom.  9  :  7,  8. 

What  is  the  force  of  the  word  or  here!  Ans.  Or, 
admitting  the  general  principle  stated  above,  do  you 
expect  to  escape  on  the  ground  of  God's  peculiar 
goodness  towards  j^ou? 

What  does  the  word  riches  here  mean  1  2  Cor.  8 :  2. 
Eph.  1  :  7.  2 :  7. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  words  goodness,  forbear- 
ance, and  long-suffering  ? 

How  is  the  goodness  of  God  despised]  Jlns.  By 
abusing  it  so  as  to  make  it  a  ground  of  security  in  sin. 

What  is  the  meaning  here  of  the  words  not  laioxving  ? 

What  is  the  goodness  of  God  designed  to  do  1 

Does  it  actually  lead  men  to  repentance  1 

(5)  What  is  the  consequence  of  the  abuse  of  the  divine 
goodness ] 

What  is  meant  by  "  after  thy  hardness  and  impenitent 

heart?"     Ans.  Through,  under  the  influence  of  thy 

hard  and  impenitent  heart. 
What  does  the  expression  treasure  up  mean  ?   Amos 

3:  10. 
What  do  the  abusers  of  God's  mercy  treasure  up  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  day  of  wrath"?     Zeph.  1  :  15 

Rev.  6;  17. 

C 


26 


Why  is  the  dav  of  judgment  specially  so  called  ? 
iThess.  1:  8—10. 

What  is  the  general  truth  taught  in  verses  3 — 5  > 
Ans.  That  the  goodness  of  God  will  not  secure  im- 
punity to  sinners,  but  its  abuse  will  aggravate  their 
condeumation. 

(6)  To  whom  will  God  render  according  to  their  deeds? 
What  is  the  ground  on  which  Jews  and  Gentiles  are  to 

be  judged  1 

(7)  What  will  he  render  to  the  good  1 
How  are  the  good  described  ? 

What  is  meant  by  a  patient  continuance  in  well  doing? 

Wliat  do  the  good  seek  after  ] 

How  do  they  seek  to  attain  a  glorious  immortality  1 

(8)  What  will  God  render  to  the  wicked  ? 
How  are  the  vricked  described  ] 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  contentious  in  this 
place  1  Ans.  Disobedient,  1  S^m.  12  :  14,  15.  Deut. 
21  :  20. 

WTiat  is  meant  by  the  truth  here  ?  ch.  1  :  18. 

(9,  10)  Do  these  verses  teach  the  same  doctrine  with 
the  tv\-o  preceding  ones  ? 

What  shall  be  rendered  to  every  soul  of  man  ? 

Wliat  do  tribulation  and  anguish  mean  ? 

What  is  meant  by  every  soul  of  man  ?  ch.  13:  1.  Acts 
2:  41.  Num.  19:  11. 

What  is  meant  by  the  Jew  first  ?  Ans.  The  Jew  es- 
pecially. 

What  shall  be  rendered  to  those  that  do  good  ? 

What  is  meant  by  peace  ?  ch.  1:  7. 

Are  the  Jews  (or  those  who  have  great  advantages), 
when  faithful,  to  be  more  highly  rewarded  than 
others  ?  see  the  parable  of  the  ten  talents. 

(11)  Why  will  God  thus  deal  on  the  same  principles 
with  all  men  ? 

What  is  meant  by  respect  of  persons?  Gen.  19:  21. 
Levit.  19:  15.  Prov.  24:  23.  Eph.  6:  9.  James  2:  1. 


27 

What  is  the  general  truth  taught  in  vs.  6 — 11  >     Ans. 

That  God  will  impartially  judge  all  men  according  to 

their  works. 
(12)  What  further  proof  does  the  apostle  give  of  God's 

impartiality  1 
What  is  meant  by  sinning  without  law  } 
What  does  the  clause  "  shall  perish  without  law"  here 

mean? 
What  is  meant  by  sinning  in  the  law  ?     Ans.  Under  a 

special  revelation. 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  judged  to  be  taken  here  ? 

Ans.  Condemned. 
According  to  what  standard  are  such  persons  to  be  tried 

and  punished  ? 
What  is  the  general  truth  here  taught  ?     Ans.  That 

men  shall  be  judged  according  to  the  knowledge  they 

have  severally  enjoyed. 

(13)  Why  shall  those  who  have  the  law  be  condemned 
if  they  break  it  ?  Ans.  Because  the  possession  of 
the  law  is  not  sufficient  to  justify  us  before  God. 

W^hy  does  Paul  say  hearers  instead  of  readers  of  the 

law  ? 
What  does  the  phrase  just  before  God  mean  } 
Who  does  Paul  say  shall  be  justified  ? 
Does  he  here  teach  that  men  are  justified  by  works  ? 
What  then  is  the  principle  he  means  to  teach  ? 

(14)  What  is  the  design  of  this  and  the  following 
verse  ?  Ans.  To  show  that  those  who  have  no  writ- 
ten revelation,  have  a  rule  of  duty  by  wliich  they 
may  be  judged. 

What  is  this  rule  ^ 

How  does  Paul  prove  that  the  Gentiles  have  such  a 

rule? 
What  is  meant  by  their  doing  the  things  contained  in 

the  law  ? 
How  are  they  led  to  do  what  is  right  ? 
What  is  meant  here  by  iiature? 


28 


(15)  What  is  the  force  of  the  word  -uhich  in  this  con- 
nexion ?  Ans.  They  are  the  law  unto  them,  because 
they  show,  &c. 

What  do  they  show  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  work  of  the  law  ?     Ayis.  That 

which  the  law  produces,  viz.  a  knowledge  of  right 

and  wrong. 
Why  is  this  knowledge  said  to  be  written  on  their 

hearts  ? 
What  farther  proof  is  there  that  the  Gentiles  are  a  law 

unto  themselves  ? 
To  what  do  their  consciences  bear  witness  } 
In  what  does  this  testimony  of  their  consciences  consist? 

Jiiis.  In  the  approving  and  disapproving  judgments  of 

their  own  minds. 
What  is  meant  here  by  their  thoughts  } 

(16)  With  what  is  this  verse  to  be  connected.^  Ans. 
With  verse  12. 

When  are  men  to  be  judged  ? 
What  are  then  to  be  judged? 
By  whom  are  men  to  be  judged?  John  5  :  22.  Acts  17: 

31. 
W^hat  does  Paul  say  is  according  to  the  gospel  ?     Ans. 

The  fact  that  men  are  to  be  thus  judged  by  Jesus 

Christ. 

DoctHnes. 
What  is  the  leading  doctrine  of  this  section  ? 
What  do  verses  2,  3  teach  of  the  dependence  wliich 

men  are  so  disposed  to  place  on  their  connexion  with 

the  church  ? 
What  effect  is  the  goodness  of  God  adapted  to  produce, 

and  what  will  be  the  result  of  the  abuse  of  that 

goodness?  vs.  3 — 5. 
What  do  vs.  6 — 10  teach  as  to  the  destiny  of  men  ? 
What  account  is  given  in  v.  7  of  the  nature  of  that 

oT.r.rinn'7<!  wliif-Vi  ig  accejDtablc  to  God  ? 


29 


Will  the  rewards  and  punishments  of  men  herenfter  be 

in  proportion  to  their  responsibilities  in  this  world  ? 

vs.  9,  10. 
What   doctrine   do   vs.   12,    13    teach   respecting   the 

heathen  ? 
W^hat  does  v.  14  teach  respecting  conscience? 
Does  V.  16  contain  evidence  of  the  divinity  of  Jesus 

Christ.? 

Remarks. 

What  lesson  do  vs.  1 — 3  teach  respectmg  censorious- 
ness  ? 

What  effect  does  the  goodness  of  God  produce  on  us  ? 

What  does  v.  4  teach  as  to  the  nature  of  genuine  repent- 
ance? 

Can  any  doctrine  be  true  which  tends  to  produce  secu- 
rity in  sin?  vs.  3 — 10. 

If  God  is  just,  how  is  his  WTath  to  be  escaped  ? 

W'hat  effect  ought  the  certainty  of  a  future  judgment, 
and  the  fact  that  Jesus  Christ  is  to  be  our  judge,  to 
have  upon  us?  v.  16. 


CHAP.  2:  17—29. 

I'Behold  thou  art  called  a  Jew,  and  restest  in  the 
law,  and  makest  thy  boast  of  God,  '^and  knowest  his 
will,  and  approvest  the  things  that  are  more  excellent, 
being  instructed  out  of  the  law;  i^and  art  confident 
that  thou  thyself  art  a  guide  of  the  blind,  a  light  of 
them  which  are  in  darkness,  20an  instnictor  of  the 
foolish,  a  teacher  of  babes,  which  hast  the  form  of 
knowledge  and  of  the  truth  in  the  law.  21'rhou 
therefore  which  teachest  another,  teachest  thou  not  thy- 
self? thou  that  preachest  a  man  should  not  steal,  dost 
thou  steal?  22Thou  that  sayest  a  man  should  not 
commit  adultery,  dost  thou  commit  adultery  ?  thou  that 


30 


abhorrest  idols,  dost  thou  commit  sacrilege?  23Thou 
that  makest  thy  boast  of  the  law,  through  breaking  the 
law  dishonourest  thou  God  ?  24For  the  name  of  God 
is  blasphemed  among  the  Gentiles  through  you,  as  it  is 
written. 

25For  circumcision  verily  profiteth,  if  thou  keep  the 
law,  but  if  thou  be  a  breaker  of  the  law,  thy  circumci- 
sion is  made  uncircumcision.  26Therefore  if  the  un- 
chcumcision  keep  the  righteousness  of  the  law,  shall  not 
his  uncircumcision  be  counted  for  circumcision  ?  ^r^nd 
shall  not  uncircumcision  which  is  by  nature,  if  it  fulfil 
the  law,  judge  thee,  who  by  the  letter  and  circumcision 
do  transgress  the  law  ?  23F'o].  he  is  not  a  Jew,  which  is 
one  outwardly ;  neither  is  that  circumcision  which 
is  outward  in  the  flesh :  2&but  he  is  a  Jew,  which  is 
one  inwardly  ;  and  circumcision  is  that  of  the  heart,  in 
the  spirit,  a7id  not  in  the  letter ;  whose  praise  is  not  of 
men,  but  of  God. 


Analysis. 

Of  how  many  parts  does  this  section  consist  ?  ./?ws. 
Two,  vs.  17 — 24,  containing  an  application  of  the 
foregoing  principles  to  the  case  of  the  Jews ;  and  vs. 
25 — 29 ,  on  the  nature  and  design  of  circumcision. 

What  were  principal  grounds  of  dependence  among  the 
Jews  ? 

Would  it  avail  them  to  say  we  are  Jews  and  have  the 
law?  v.  17. 

Would  their  superior  knowledge  avail  them  ?  vs. 
18—20. 

Were  their  sins  the  less  offensive  to  God  on  this  ac- 
count? vs.  21,  22. 

How  did  their  peculiar  connexion  with  God  aggravate 
their  guilt  ?  vs.  23,  24. 

On  what  condition  would  circumcision  profit  the  Jews  ? 
v.  25. 


31 

If  the  law  was  broken  would  circumcision  be  of  any 
advantage  ?  v.  25. 

Will  the  want  of  circumcision,  if  the  law  be  obeyed,  pre- 
vent a  blessing  ?  vs.  26,  27. 

What  does  all  this  prove?  .ins.  That  an  external 
rite  can,  in  itself,  have  no  saving  power. 

Why?  Jhis.  Because  God  regards  the  heart,  vs.  28, 
29. 

(17)  What  ground  of  confidence  does  Paul  here  refer 
to? 

What  does  the  word  Jeiv  here  amount  to  ?     Ans.  One 

of  the  people  of  God,  vs.  28,  29.  Rev.  2  :  9. 
What  is  meant  by  resting  in  the  law  ? 
How  did  the  Jews  thus  rest  in  the  law  ? 
What  law  is  here  meant  ? 
How  did  the  Jews  make  their  boast  in  God  ? 

(18)  What  was  the  Jew's  second  ground  of  confidence? 
In  what  did  their  superior  knowledge  consist  ? 

What  is  meant  by  approving  the  things  that  are  ex- 
cellent ? 

Whence  did  the  Jews  derive  this  superior  knowledge  ? 

(19,  20)  What  effect  did  it  produce  upon  them? 

Who  are  intended  by  the  blind,  the  foolish,  and  babes 
in  these  verses  ? 

What  is  meant  by  having  the  form  of  knowledge  and 
truth  in  the  law?  .ins.  Having  a  perfect  repre- 
sentation in  the  law  of  what  truth  and  duty  are. 

What  do  the  words  knowledge  and  truth  here  mean  ? 
.i?is.  True  knowledge,  or  knowledge  of  the  truth. 

(21,  22)  Did  they  act  agreeably  to  their  knowledge? 

Do  these  verses  contain  an  assertion  that  the  Jews  were 
guilty  of  the  crimes  mentioned  ? 

If  men  are  to  be  judged  according  to  their  works,  could 
the  wicked  Jews  escape  ? 


32 


What  is  meant  by  abhorring  idols  ? 

Did  the  Jews  abhor  idolatry  ? 

What  is  sacrilege  ? 

In  what  sense  were  the  Jews  guilty  of  sacrilege  ?     Ma- 

lachi  3 :  8. 
(23,  24)  What  was  the  result  of  the  wicked  conduct  of 

the  Jews  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  name  of  God  being  blasphemed  ? 
Had  their  own  prophets  made  this  charge  upon  them  ? 

Ezek.  36  :  20,  23. 

(25)  What  is  the  force  of  for  at  the  beginning  of  this 
verse  ?  Ans.  The  wicked  Jew  cannot  escape,  for 
circumcision  is  of  no  use  unless  the  law  be  kept. 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  25—29  ? 

In  what  light  was  circumcision  regarded  by  the  Jews  ? 
Ans.  Both  as  a  rite  efficacious  in  itself,  and  as  a  seal 
of  a  covenant. 

Does  Paul  admit  that  it  had  any  inherent  efficacy  ? 

With  what  covenant  was  it  connected?  Ans.  Both 
with  the  national  covenant,  and  that  spiritual  cove- 
nant of  which  the  righteousness  of  faith  was  the 
condition,  ch.  4 :  11. 

On  what  did  its  value  depend  ? 

What  is  meant  by  circumcision  being  made  uncircum- 
cision  ? 

(26)  If  circumcision  is  in  itself  of  no  use,  will  the  want 
of  it  render  obedience  of  no  avail  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  uncircumcision  ? 
What  does  keeping  the  righteousness  of  the  law  mean  ? 
What  is  meant  by  circumcision  being  counted  for  un- 
circumcision ? 

(27)  What  does  the  expression  "  which  is  by  nature" 
here  mean  ? 

What  is  meant  here  by  judging  ?  Matt.  12  :  41,  42. 
How  is  the  Jew  here  descriljed  > 

What  is  meant  by  the  word  letter  here?  Ans.  What 
is  written,  i.  e.  the  law,  v.  29,  ch.  7 :  6.  2  Cor.  3 :  6. 


33 


What  does  by  the  letter,  &c.  here  mean  ?  ^tis.  With 
the  written  law,  i.  e.  possessed  of  it. 

(28)  Why  is  the  external  rite  of  circumcision  of  so  little 
avail  ? 

How  do  vs.  28  and  29  differ  >  Ans.  The  one  expresses 
the  sentiment  negatively,  wliich  the  other  expresses 
affirmatively. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  Je-w  here  ?  v.  17. 

What  is  meant  by  being  a  Jew  outwardly  ? 

What  circumcision  is  it  that  Paul  says  is  not  the  true 
circumcision  .-* 

(29)  Who  is  a  genuine  Jew,  or  child  of  God  ? 
WTiat  is  meant  here  by  inivardly  ? 

What  circumcision    does  Paul  commend?    compare 

Deut.  10:  16.  30:  6. 
What  does  in  the  spint  mean  } 
What  does  in  the  letter  mean?     Ans.  According  to 

the  letter,  literal. 
To  what  does  the  word  -whose  here  refer  ? 
What  is  meant  by  saying,  his  praise  is  not  of  men,  but 

of  God? 

Doctrines. 

What  doctrine  is  taught  in  v.  17  as  to  the  value  of 
church-membership  ? 

What  do  vs.  18 — 20  teach  as  to  the  value  of  know- 
ledge considered  as  the  ground  of  confidence  towards 
God? 

What  is  the  effect  of  superior  knowledge  in  relation  to 
the  guih  of  sin?  vs.  18—20. 

What  do  vs.  22 — 24  teach  as  to  the  sins  of  the  profess- 
ing people  of  God  ? 

What  does  v.  25  teach  as  to  the  nature  of  a  sacrament  ? 

Can  the  sacraments  of  the  church  save  men  ?  vs.  26,  27. 

What  is  taught  in  vs.  28,  29,  as  to  the  nature  of  true 
religion  ? 


Remarks. 
What  practical  lesson  should  v.  17  teach  us  ? 
What  effect  ought  knowledge  to  produce  upon  us  ?  vs. 

18—19. 
How  ought  the  doctrine  impUed  in  vs.  -23,  24  to  affect 

us? 
What  warning  ought  we  to  derive  from  the  dependence 

of  the  Jews  on  circumcision  ? 
How  are  the  sacraments  of  the  church  to  be  regarded,^ 

vs.  26,  &c. 
What  value  ought  we  to  set  on  the  approbation  of  men  ? 

V.  29. 


CHAPTER   III. 

Of  how  many  parts  does  this  chapter  consist  ? 

vs.  1 — 8,  a  brief  refutation  of  the  objections  of  the 
Jews ;  vs.  9 — 20,  confirmation  from  scripture  of  the 
universal  guilt  of  men  ;  vs.  21 — 31,  an  exposition  of 
the  gospel  method  of  justitication. 

CHAP.  3  :  1—8. 

iWhat  advantage  then  hath  the  Jew  ?  or  what  profit 
is  there  of  circumcision  ?  ^Much  every  way  :  chiefly, 
because  that  unto  them  were  committed  the  oracles  of 
God.  3For  what,  if  some  did  not  believe  >  Shall  their 
unbelief  make  the  faith  of  God  without  effect  ?  -^God 
forbid:  yea,  let  God  be  true,  but  every  man  a  liar;  as 
it  is  written.  That  thou  mightest  be  justified  in  thy 
sayings,  and  mightest  overcome  when  thou  art  judged. 
5But  if  our  unrighteousness  commend  the  righteousness 
of  God,  what  shall  we  say  r*  Is  God  unrighteous,  who 
taketh  vengeance  >     (I  speak  as  a  man.)     ^God  forbid  ; 


35 


for  then  how  shall  God  judge  the  world  ?  ''For  if  thci 
truth  of  God  hath  more  abounded  through  my  lie  unto 
his  glory,  why  yet  am  I  also  judged  as  a  sirmer  ?  ^And 
not  rather  (as  we  be  slanderously  reported,  and  as  some 
affirm  that  we  say)  Let  us  do  evil,  that  good  may  come? 
whose  damnation  is  just. 

Analysis. 

What  is  the  first  objection  of  the  Jew  ?  v.  1. 

Does  Paul  admit  that  the  Jews  had  many  advantages  ? 

V.  2. 
What  is  the  second  objection  ?     Ans.  That  God  having 

promised  to  save  the  Jews,  their  unfaithfulness,  if 

admitted,  would  not  make  the  promise  of  God  of  no 

effect,  V,  3. 
How   does   Paul   answer   this   objection?      Ans.   He 

admits  that  God  will  be  faithful  to  his  promise,  but 

shows  that  the  principle  on  which  the  Jews  expected 

the  divine  favour  is  false,  vs.  4,  5. 
How  does  he  show  this  ?     Ans.  By  showing  that  if  it 

was  correct  God  would  not  punish  even  the  Gentiles, 

vs.  5,  6,  7 ;  and  that  it  leads  to  the  absurdity  that  we 

may  do  evil  that  good  may  come,  v.  8. 


Commentary. 

(1)  Does  Paul's  doctrine  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
Jews  had  no  advantage  over  the  Gentile  ? 

Who  supposed  that  this  was  the  result  of  his  doc- 
trine ? 

Is  there  any  difference  in  the  meaning  of  the  two  ques- 
tions contained  in  this  verse  ? 

(2)  How  does  Paul  answer  the  objection  presented  in 
the  first  verse  ? 

What  was  the  chief  advantage  of  the  Jews  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  oracles  of  God  ?     Acts  7 :  38. 
Heb.  5:  12. 


36 

(3)  Does  this  verse  express  the  sentiment  of  the  apos- 
tle, or  of  an  objector  ? 

What  is  the  objection  ? 

What  is  here  meant  by  the  words  did  not  believe  and 

unbelief? 
To  what  were  the  Jews  unfaithful  ? 
What  does  this  include  ? 

What  does  the  expression  "  faith  of  God"  here  mean  > 
What  is  meant  by  the  faithfulness  of  God  to  his  promise 

being  made  of  no  effect  ? 

(4)  How  does  Paul  answer  the  objection  presented  in 
V.  3? 

Does  he  admit  that  the  promise  of  God  to  the  Jews 
would  be  broken  if  they  are  condemned  ? 

How  ought  the  words  rendered  God  forbid  to  be  trans- 
lated ?     Ans.  Let  it  not  be ;  far  from  it. 

In  what  sense  are  the  words  true  and  liar  to  be  here 
taken  ?     Ans.  Faithful  and  unfaithful. 

What  is  the  sentiment  expressed  by  this  passage  ?  Ans. 
That  the  fidehty  of  God  must  be  admitted,  whatever 
be  the  consequence. 

With  what  view  does  Paul  quote  Ps.  51  :  4  ?  Ans. 
Simply  to  show  that  David  had  expressed  the  same 
sentiment. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  God's  being  justified  in  his 
sayings  ? 

What  does  his  overcoming  when  he  is  judged  mean  ? 

(5)  What  do  the  words  unrighteousness  and  righteous- 
ness here  mean  ? 

What  does  the  word  commend  mean  ?  see  ch.  5  :  8. 
Who  supposed  that  because  the  unfaithfulness  of  men 

makes  God's  fidelity  the  more   conspicuous,  it  would 

be  unjust  in  God  to  punish  them  ? 
Does  this  verse  then  express  the  sentiment  of  the  apostle 

or  of  an  objector  } 
What  does  Paul  mean  by  saying  I  speak  as  a  man? 

ch.  6:  19.  1  Cor.  9:  8.  Gal.  3;  16. 


37 

Why  does  he  use  this  expression  here  ? 

(6)  How  is  this  verse  an  answer  to  the  prececQng  one  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  -world  here  ? 

What  does  the  vf  ox  A  judge  here  mean  > 
Were  the  Jews  prepared  to  admit   that   God   would 
punish  the  wicked  Gentiles  ? 

(7)  What  is  the  purport  of  this  verse  ?  Arts.  It  is  a 
repetition  in  a  more  definite  form  of  the  objection 
presented  in  v.  5. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expressions  "  the  truth  of  God> 

and  "  my  lie  ?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  "  hath  abounded  ?"     Jins.  Is 

rendered  the  more  conspicuous. 
What  does  unto  his  glory  mean  ? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  jtcdged  here  Used  ? 

(8)  How  does  Paul  answer  the  preceding  objection  ? 
Ans.  By  showing  that  it  leads  to  an  absurdity. 

What  absurdity  does  it  lead  to  ? 

How  does  it  lead  to  this  absurdity  ? 

What  word  must  be  supplied  at  the  beginning  of  this 

verse  ?     Ans.  Say, '  Why  not  say  at  once,  Let  us 

do  e\'il,  &c.' 
What  is  meant  by  "  slanderously  reported  ?" 
Whose  condemnation  does  Paul  say  is  just  ? 
Can  it  ever  be  right  to  do  evil  that  good  may  come  ? 
What  did  Paul  design  to  prove  by  all  his  argument  ? 

Ans.  That  the  Jews  could  not  expect  exemption  from 

punishment  on  the  groimd  of  being  God's  peculiar 

people. 

Doctrines. 
What  do  vs.  1,  2,  teach  us  as  to  the  advantage  of  being 

connected  with  the  church  of  God  ? 
What  is  the  great  advantage  of  Christian  over  heathen 

countries  ?  v.  2. 
What  does  v.  2  teach  as  to  the  authority  of  the  Jewish 
scriptures? 

D 


38 


Can  any  promise  of  God  be  properly  urged  as  a  grounti 

of  security  in  sin  ?  vs.  3,  4. 
How  will  the  sins  of  men  be  made  to  promote  the  glory 

of  God?  vs.  5,  6. 
What  test  of  the  truth  of  any  doctrine  is  suggested  by 

V.  8  ? 

Remarks. 
What  lesson  do  vs.  1,2  teach  as  to  the  responsibility  of 

those  who  have  the  word  of  God  ? 
Wliat  criterion  of  piety  is  suggested  by  vs.  4,  5  ? 
What  common  dependence  of  sinners  is  shown,  by  vs. 

6,  7,  to  be  false  >  Arts.     That  God  will  not  be  strict 

to  mark  iniquity. 

CHAP.  3:  9—20. 

9What  then  ?  are  we  better  than  they  P  No,  in  no 
wise:  for  we  have  before  proved  both  Jews  and  Gentiles, 
that  they  are  all  under  sin;  '"as  it  is  written,  There  is 
none  righteous,  no,  not  one:  n there  is  none  that  under- 
standeth,  there  is  none  that  seeketh  after  God.  i^They 
are  all  gone  out  of  the  way,  they  are  together  become 
unprofitable;  there  is  none  that  doeth  good,  no,  not 
one.  i^Their  throat  is  an  open  sepulchre ;  with  their 
tongues  they  have  used  deceit ;  the  poison  of  asps  is 
imder  their  lips  :  i^whose  mouth  is  full  of  cursing  and 
bitterness.  i^Their  feet  are  swift  to  shed  blood:  ^^de- 
struction  and  misery  are  in  their  ways :  I'and  the  way 
of  peace  have  they  not  known :  '^there  is  no  fear  of 
God  before  their  eyes.  '^Now  we  know  that  what 
things  soever  the  law  saith,  it  saith  to  them  who  are 
.  under  the  law ;  that  every  mouth  may  be  stopped,  and 
all  the  world  may  become  guilty  before  God.  ^oThere- 
fore  by  the  deeds  of  the  law  there  shall  no  flesh  be 
justified  in  his  sight :  for  by  the  law  is  the  knowledge 
of  sin. 


39 


Analysis. 

What  is  the  connexion  between  this  passage  and  the 
preceding  one  ? 

What  conclusion  does  the  apostle  draw  in  v.  9  ? 

How  does  he  confirm  this  conclusion  ? 

What  are  these  passages  from  the  Old  Testament  de- 
signed to  prove  ? 

What  conclusion  does  the  apostle  draw  in  v.  19  from 
the  whole  discussion  ? 

What  is  the  neccessary  consequence,  as  stated  in  v.  20, 
of  the  universal  guilt  of  men  ? 

Commentary. 

What  is  the  force  of  the  question  What  then  ? 

Who  are  intended  by  we  in  the  next  clause  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  question,  Are  we  better  than 
they  ?  Ans.  Are  we  better  off?  are  we  more  fa- 
vourably situated  ? 

Why  are  not  the  Jews  more  favourably  situated  than 
the  Gentiles  as  regards  their  justification  } 

What  charge  had  the  apostle  sustained  against  both 
Jews  and  Gentiles  ? 

What  is  meant  by  being  under  sin  ? 

(10)  How  does  Paul  confirm  this  charge  ? 

Do  the  passages  here  quoted  occur  in  any  one  place  in 
the  Old  Testament  ?  Ps.  14  and  53.  Ps.  5:  9.  Ps.  10: 
7.  Is.  59:  7,  8.  Ps.  36:  1. 

To  whom  do  these  passages  refer  in  the  Old  Testament? 

How  do  they  estabUsh  the  doctrine  that  all  men  are  un- 
der sin  ?  Ans.  Because  one  portion  of  them  describe 
human  nature,  and  the  other  refer  to  specific  sins 
only  as  proof  that  this  nature  is  corrupt. 

What  is  meant  by  saying  there  is  none  righteous  ? 

(11)  What  is  meant  by  the  word  under standeth  in 
this  place?  compare  ch.  1:  21.  Prov.  4:  1,5,  7. 

What  does  seeking  after  God  mean  ? 


40 


How  does  seeking  God  flow  from  understanding  divine 

things'? 
(12)  What  is  meant  by  going  out  of  the  way  ? 
What  way  is  here  intended  ? 
What  is  the  consequence  of  this  apostacy  ? 
What  is  meant  by  unprojitahle  ?  Ps.  14:  3. 
(13,  14)  To  what  class  of  sins  do  these  verses  relate? 
What  is  the  point  of  the  comparison  in  the  expression 

"  there  throat  is  an  open  sepulchre  ?"  Ps.  5  :  9. 
What  sins  are  intended  in  the  two  latter  clauses  of  this 

verse  ?  v.  13. 
Why  is  slander  compared  to  the  poison  of  asps  } 
W  hat  is  meant  by  cursing  and  bitterness  } 
(15 — 17)   What  class  of  sins  is  referred  to  in  these 

verses  ? 
What  sin  is  referred  to  in  v.  15  } 
What  is  meant  by  destruction  and  misery  beiiig  in  their 

way  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  way  of  peace  ? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  knoion  here  used?  Ps.  1:  6. 

(18)  What  is  meant  by  the  fear  of  God  ?  Prov.  1:  7' 
Job.  28.  28. 

What  does  the  phrase  to  be  before  the  eyes  mean  ? 

(19)  What  does  the  word  laxv  mean?  Ans.  Rule  of 
duty.  The  corresponding  Hebrew  word  means  in- 
struction. 

What  law  is  here  intended? 

Who  are  intended  by  the  expression  "  those  under  the 

law?" 
What  conclusion  has  the  apostle  now  arrived  at  ? 
What  is  meant  by  every  mouth  being  stopped  ? 
Does  the  expression  the  -whole  -world  include  both  Jews 

and  Gentiles  1  ..^ 

WJiat  is  meant  by  bein*  guilty  before  God  ? 

(20)  What  conclusion  does  Paul  draw  from  the  uni- 
versal guilt  of  men  ? 

What  is  meant  by  no  flesh  ? 


41 


What  Is  the  meaning  of  the  woxdi  justified? 

How  does  Paul  say  men  cannot  be  justified  ? 

How  does  this  follow  h-om  their  being  guilty  ? 

What  law  is  here  intended  >  Ans.  The  universal  rule 
of  duty,  ch.  7:  7,  12. 

How  can  this  be  proved  ? 

What  works  are  here  intended  ?  Ans.  All  works 
which  the  law  prescribes  ;  whether  performed  before 
or  after  regeneration,  2  Tim.  1:  9.  Tit.  3:  5. 

If  the  law  cannot  justify,  what  is  it  designed  for  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  knowledge  of  sin  .-* 

How  does  the  law  produce  conviction  of  sin  ? 

Doctrines. 

In  what  respect  does  v.  9  teach  that  all  men  are  upon  a 
level  ? 

What  doctrine  do  vs.  10 — 18  teach  as  to  the  applicable- 
ness  of  the  declarations  of  scripture  respecting  the 
character  of  men,  to  men  of  all  ages  of  the  world  ^ 

W  hat  is  the  doctrine  of  scripture  as  to  the  moral  state 
of  men  ?  v.  19. 

What  is  taught  in  vs.  10 — 12  as  to  the  connexion  be- 
tween piety  and  morality  ? 

What  is  the  proper  office  of  the  law  ?  v.  20. 

Remarks. 
What  lesson  should  v.  9  teach  us  > 
In  what  light  ought  we  to  view  the  scriptures,  and  how 

ought  we  to  read  them  ?  vs.  10 — 18. 
What  is  necessary  in  order  to  the  proper  receptioh  of 

the  gospel  1  v.  20. 

CHAP.  3:  21—31. 

2iBut  now  the  righteousness  of  God  without  the  law 
is  manifested,  being  witnessed  by  the  law  and  the  pro- 
phets ;  22even  the  righteousness  of  God,  -which  is  by 
faith  of  Jesus  Christ,  unto  all  and  upon  all  them  that 
D* 


42 

believe :  for  there  is  no  difference  ;  ^sfor  all  have  sinned, 
and  come  short  of  the  glory  of  God ;  24being  justified 
freely  by  his  grace,  through  the  redemption  that  is  in 
Christ  Jesus :  25whom  God  hath  set  forth  to  be  a  propi- 
tiation through  faith  in  liis  blood,  to  declare  his  righte- 
ousness for  the  remission  of  sins  that  are  past,  through 
the  forbearance  of  God ;  ^eto  declare,  I  say,  at  this  time, 
his  righteousness :  that  he  might  be  just,  and  the  justi- 
fier  of  him  which  believeth  in  Jesus.  27Where  is  boast- 
ing then  1  It  is  excluded.  By  what  law  ?  of  works  ] 
Nay ;  but  by  the  law  of  faith.  ^sTherefore  we  conclude 
that  a  mam  is  justified  by  faith  without  the  deeds  of  the 
law.  29/^  fie  the  God  of  the  Jews  only  1  is  he  not  also 
of  the  Gentiles?  Yes,  of  the  Gentiles  also:  sogeeing  ?Y 
is  one  God,  which  shall  justify  the  circumcision  by  faith, 
and  uncircumcision  through  faith.  ^iDo  we  then  make 
void  the  law  through  faith  ]  God  forbid :  yea,  we  estab- 
lish the  law. 

Analysis. 
What  is  the  design  of  this  section  1     Ans.  To  exhibit 

the  gospel  method  of  justification. 
What  is  taught  respecting  its  nature  in  vs.  21,  22? 

Ans.  It  is  not  by  works,  but  by  faith. 
What  else  does  v.  22  teach  respecting  its  nature "?    Ans. 

It  is  applicable  to  all  men. 
What  is  taught  in  v.  24  as  to  this  point  ?     Ans.  That 

it  is  entirely  gratuitous. 
W^hat  is  the  ground  of  the  justification  which  it  prppo- 

ses  ?     Am.  The  sacrifice  of  Christ. 
^jj^^hat  is  the  object  of  this  method  of  justification  ?    Ans. 
'  '^'  To  reconcile  the  exercise  of  mercy  with  the  divine 

justice,  V.  26. 
What  are  its  results?     A^is.  It.  huaalJes  ;]tnan,  vs.  ,27, 

28.    It  presents  God  in  his  tme  character,  and  lays 

the  foundation  for  an  universal  religion,  vs.  29,  30. 

It  establishes,  th^  law,  v.  31. 


Commentary. 

(21)  What  is  the  force  of  the  words  but  noiv  in  this 
verse  ?  see  v.  26. 

What  is  meant  by  righteousness  of  God  here  ?  Ans. 
That  righteousness  wiiich  God  gives  and  wliich  is 
acceptable  to  him,  ch.  1:  17.  Phil.  3  :  9. 

What  is  meant  by  this  righteousness  being  without  the 
law  > 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  -witnessed  in  tliis 
verse  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  lav/  and  the  prophets  1  Matt. 
5:  17.  7:  12.  Acts.  13:  15. 

What  are  the  two  particulars  respecting  the  righteous- 
ness of  God  taught  in  this  verse  1 

(22)  What  is  meant  by  this  righteousness  bemg  by 
faith  ? 

Who  is  the  object  of  this  faith  1 

What  word  must  be  supplied  before  the  expression  unto 
all?  Ans,  Revealed,  or  comes,  or  some  equivalent 
term. 

Is  there  any  difference  between  unto  all,  and  upon  all  1 
Ans.  No ;  it  is  revealed  to  all,  absolutely  all,  without 
exception. 

Why  is  this  righteousness  suited  to  all  1  Ans.  Because 
there  is  no  difference  in  the  relation  of  men,  as  sin- 
ners, to  God. 

(2.3)  Why  is  there  no  difference  in  this  respect  among 


men 


What  is  meant  by  their  coming  short  of  the  glory  of 
Godi  John  12:  43,  or  Rom.  5:  2. 

(24)  As  all  men  are  sinners,  haw  are  they  justified? 
Ans.  1.  Freely;  2.  through  the  redemption  of  Christ. 
What  is  meant  by  "  freely  by  his  grace]" 
What  is  the  ground  of  our  justification '? 
What  is  the  proper  meaning  of  the  word  redemption  1 


44 

^ns.  Deliverance  effected  by  the  payment  of  a  ransom. 
In  what  sense  is  it  used  when  spoken  of  the  work  of 

Christ? 

Eph.  1:  7.  Heb.  9:   15.   1  Tim.  2:  6.  Matt.  20:  28. 

1  Peter  1:  18. 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "that  is  in  Christ  Jesus  1" 

Ans.  Which  has  been  made  by  him. 

(25)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  1 
What  is  meant  by  God's  setting  forth  Christ"? 

As  what  was  Christ  thus  publicly  exhibited!  ^ns.  As 
a  propitiatory  sacrifice. 

What  are  the  connexion  and  meaning  of  the  clause 
"through  faith  in  his  blood  1"  Am.  A  sacrifice 
which  is  effectual  through  faith  in  his  blood. 

What  office  is  here  assigned  to  faith  as  connected  with 
our  justification'? 

What  is  the  object  of  the  atonement  of  Christ  \ 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  word  declare  ? 

What  does  the  whole  phrase  "  to  declare  his  righteous- 
ness" mean  ?  see  v.  26. 

What  other  objects  was  Christ's  death  designed  to  an- 
swer] see  Eph.  3:  10,  11.  Tit.  2:  14.  Eph.  2:  15,  16. 
Gal.  1:  4,  &c.  &c. 

What  does  the  phrase  ^'■for  the  remission  of  sins"  here 
mean  ?  Ans.  On  account  of  their  having  been  re- 
mitted. 

What  class  of  sins  is  intended  by  "  sins  that  are  past?" 
Ans.  Sins  committed  under  the  former  dispensation. 
Heb.  9:  15;  see  the  next  verse. 

What  is  meant  by  "through  the  forbearance  of  God?" 
Ans.  During  the  time  of  God's  forbearance ;  compare 
Acts  17:  30. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  this  whole  verse  ? 

(26)  What  is  meant  here  by  the  words  at  this  time  ? 
compare  v.  25. 

With  what  is  the  second  clause  of  this  verse  in  sense 
connected  ?     Ans.  With  the  first  clause  of  v.  25. 


45 


What  is  meant  by  God's  being  just  ? 

ETow'is  (jfod  seen  to  be  just  in  the  justification  of  be- 
lievers 1 

How  is  the  justice  of  God  reconciled  with  his  mercy  in 
"the  pardon  of  those  that  believe  1 

What  is  the  force  of  a7id  heiel     Ans.  Although. 

(27)  What  result  of  the  gospel  plan  of  salvation  is  here 
mentioned  ] 

What  is  meant  by  boastmg] 

How  is  this  excluded  1 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "law  of  faith  1" 

Atis.  That  law  or  rule  which  prescribes  faith. 
What  is  meant  by  the  law  of  works'? 

(28)  What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  the  pre- 
ceding? 

What  is  meant  by  a  man's  bemg  justified  without  the 

works  of  the  law  1 
(29,  30)  In  what  sense  was  God  the  God  of  the  Jewsl 
What  is  meant  by  his  being  the  God  of  the  Gentiles  ] 
How  does  it  appear  that  he  stands  in  the  same  relation 
to  all  classes  of  men  ]     Jins.  Because  he  justifies  all 
on  the  same  terms. 
What  result  of  the  gospel  method  of  salvation  is  pre- 
sented in  these  verses  ] 
Is  there  any  difference  in  the  import  of  the  expressions 
by  faith  and  through  faith "? 

(30)  What  result  of  the  plan  of  justification  is  here 

mentioned"? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  laxv  to  be  here  taken  ? 
How  does  the  gospel  establish  the  law "? 

Doctrines. 

What  is  taught  in  vs.  24 — 26  respecting  justification  1 
What  is  the  ground  of  a  sinner's  justification  before 
God !  V.  25. 


46 

What  does  v.  25  teach  as  the  great  end  of  God  in  all  his 
works  I 

What  does  v.  26  teach  as  to  the  nature  and  design  of 
the  atonement  of  Christ? 

What  is  the  tendency  of  all  true  religion  1  v.  27. 

In  what  relation  do  vs.  29,  30  represent  God  as  stand- 
ing to  all  men  1 

What  may  be  learnt  from  v.  30  as  to  the  nature  of  the 
divine  law  1 

Remarks. 

What  does  v.  25  teach  us  is  the  first  duty  of  sinners 
who  hear  the  gospel  1 

What  effect  must  the  justice  of  God  produce  on  us  be- 
fore we  can  sincerely  embrace  the  offer  of  pardon  % 

What  ought  we  to  make  the  great  end  of  all  our  ac- 
tions? V.  25. 

What  effect  ought  the  doctrine  of  atonement  to  have 
upon  us?  vs.  25 — 31. 

How  does  it  appear  that  the  gospel  does  not  destroy  our 
obhgation  to  obey  the  law  ?  v.  31. 


CHAPTER    IV. 

Of  how  many  parts  does  this  chapter  consist?  Ans. 
Two,  vs.  1 — 17,  a  confirmation  of  the  doctrine  of  jus- 
tification by  faith;  and  vs.  18 — 25,  an  illustration 
from  the  faith  of  Abraham. 


CHAP.  4:  1—17. 

iWhat  shall  we  say  then  that  Abraham,  our  father, 
as  pertaining  to  the  flesh,  hath  found?    ^For  if  Abra- 


47 

ham  were  justified  by  works,  he  hath  xvhereof  to  glory ;' 
but  not  before  God.  ^For  what  saith  the  Scripture? 
Abraham  beUeved  God,  and  it  was  counted  unto  him 
for  righteousness.  ^jvfQ^y  ^^  yj^  ^^^  worketh  is  the  re- 
ward not  reckoned  of  grace,  but  of  debt.  =But  to  him 
that  worketh "  not,  but  believeth  on  him  that  justifieth 
the  ungodly,  his  faith  is  counted  for  righteousness. 
^Even  as  David  also  describeth  the  blessedness  of  the 
man  unto  whom  God  imputeth  righteousness  without 
works,  ''saying,  Blessed  are  they  whose  iniquities  are 
forgiven,  and  whose  sins  are  covered.  ^Blessed  is  the 
man  to  whom  the  Lord  will  not  impute  sin.  9  Cometh 
this  blessedness  then  upon  the  circumcision  07ily,  or 
upon  the  uncircumcision  alsol  for  we  say  that  faith  was 
reckoned  to  Abraham  for  righteousness.  ii^How  was  it 
then  reckoned  1  when  he  was  in  circumcision  or  in  uncir- 
cumcision'? Not  in  circumcision,  but  in  uncircumci- 
sion. 11  And  he  received  the  sign  of  circumcision ;  a  seal 
of  the  righteousness  of  the  faith  which  he  had,  yet  being 
uncircumcised ;  that  he  might  be  the  father  of  all  them 
that  believe,  though  they  be  not  circumcised;  that  right- 
eousness might  be  imputed  unto  them  also:  i-and  the 
father  of  circumcision  to  them  who  are  not  of  the  cir- 
cumcision only,  but  who  also  walk  in  the  steps  of  that 
faith  of  our  father  Abraham,  which  he  had,  being  yet 
uncircumcised.  ^^Yot  the  promise,  that  he  should  be 
the  heir  of  the  world,  -was  not  to  Abraham,  or  to  his 
seed,  through  the  law,  but  through  the  righteousness  of 
faith.  i-*For  if  they  which  are  of  the  law  be  heirs,  faith 
is  made  void,  and  the  promise  made  of  none  effect: 
i%ecause  the  law  worketh  wrath:  for  where  no  law  is, 
there  is  no  transgression.  ^^Therefore  it  is  of  faith, 
that  it  might  be  by  grace ;  to  the  end  that  the  promise 
might  be  sure  to  all  the  seed ;  not  to  that  only  which  is  of 
the  law,  but  to  that  also  which  is  of  the  faith  of  Abra- 
ham, who  is  the  Father  of  us  all,  ''(as  it  is  written,  I 
have  made  thee  a  father  of  many  nations,)  before  him 
whom  he  beUcved,  even  God,  who  quickeneth  the  deady 


48 
and  calleth  those  things  which  be  not  as  though  they 


;  Anahjsis. 

"What  is  the  first  argument  in  favour  of  the  doctrine  of 
justification  by  faith?  Am.  The  example  of  Abra- 
ham, vs.  1 — 5. 

How  does  Paul  prove  that  Abraham  was  justified  by 
faith?     Ans.  By  two  arguments,  v.  2  and  v.  3. 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  4,  5.  Ans.  To  show  that  to 
be  justified  by  faith  is  tantamount  to  being  justified 
gratuitously. 

What  is  the  second  argument  for  the  doctrine  of  justi- 
fication by  faith?  Ans.  Ps.  31:  1,  2,  where  David 
speaks  of  the  gratuitous  acceptance  of  the  unworthy. 

What  is  the  design  of  the  third  argument,  vs.  9 — 12  ? 
Ans.  To  show  that  circumcision  is  unnecessary. 

What  is  the  third  argument  ?  Ans.  The  nature  of  the 
covenant  formed  with  Abraham,  vs.  13,  14. 

What  is  the  fourth  ?  Aiis.  The  nature  of  llie  law,  vs. 
15—17. 

Commentary. 

(1)  What  is  the  point  of  the  question  contained  in  this 
verse  ?  Ans.  How  was  it  with  Abraham  ?  Was  he 
justified  by  works  ? 

With  what  are  the  words  as  pertaining  to  the  fiesh  to 

be  connected  ?     Ans.  With  the  woxA  found. 
What  do  they  here  mean  ?     Ayis.  As  to,  or  by  means 

of  the  flesh. 
What  is  meant  in  this  case  by  the  flesh  ?     Ans.  All 

legal  obedience ;  see  the  next  verse,  and  Gal.  3:  3. 

6:  12.  Phil.  3:  3,  4. 

(2)  To  what  does  for,  at  the  beginning  of  this  verse, 
refer  >  Ans.  To  the  negative  answer  which  must  be 
supplied  to  the  question  in  the  first. 


49 


How  does  Paul  prove  that  he  was  not  thus  justified  ? 
W^hat  is  meant  by  liis  ha%-ing  whereof  to  gloiy  ? 
\Yhat  assumption  does  this  argument  rest  upon  1 

(3)  What  other  argument  does  Paul  advance  to  show 
that  Abraham  was  not  justified  by  works  ? 

What  was  imputed  to  Abraham  1 

What  is  the  meanmg  of  the  w^ord  impute  1  Lev.  17:  18. 
2  Sam.  19:  19.  Ps.  32:  2.  2  Cor.  5:  19.  Rom.  4: 
6,  10. 

For  what  puqiose  was  faith  imputed  to  him  ?  .ins. 
For  righteousness,  i.  e.  m  order  that  he  might  become 
righteous,  or  be  justified;  compare  ch.  10:  4,  10. 

Is  faith  itself  the  gromid  of  our  justification  ? 

Why  not  ? 

What  is  that  gromid.^  ch.  3:  25.  5:  19.  PMl.  3:  9. 

(4,  5)  What  is  the  design  of  these  verses  ] 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  he  that  werketh  ?" 

A\'hat  does   the   phrase   "is  not  reckoned  of  grace'^ 

mean  ? 
What  does  "  reckoned  of  debt"  mean  ? 
AVho  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  he  that  worketh  ?" 
What  is  the  condition  of  acceptance,  if  works  are  not  ? 
AYhat  is  meant  by  belie^■ing  on  liim  that  justifieth  the 

ungodh-  ] 
How  can  the  ungodly  be  justified  ? 
Does  justification,  of  itself,  change  the  moral  character 

of  men? 
\\  hat  is  the  personal  character  of  those  who  are  ac- 
cepted for  Cluist's  sake  > 
To  what  does  the  last  clause  of  v.  5,  "  faith  is  imputed 

for  righteousness,"  stand  opposed  ?      ^ns.  To  the 

reward  being  of  debt  in  v.  4. 
What  does  this  prove  >     Ami.  That  to  be  justified  by 

faith  is  to  be  justified  gratuitously. 

(6)  What  is  the  apostle's  second  argument  in  favour  of 
justification  by  faith  ? 

E 


50 

Where  is  this  testimony  of  Da^^d  recorded  ?  Ps.  32.- 
How  does   this  passage  prove  the  apostles  doctrinal 

A71S.  Because  it  speaks  of  gratuitous  acceptance. 
What  is  meant  by  imputing  righteousness  1 
To  whom  does  the  Psahnist  say  God  imputes  righteous-- 

ness  ?     Ans.  To  those  who  have  no  works. 

(7)  Whom  does  the  Psahnist  pronounce  blessed  1 

(8)  What  is  meant  by  not  imputing  sin  1 

(9)  What  is  the  third  argument  agamst  justification  by 
works  ? 

How  far  does  this  argument  extend  7 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  cometh  this  blessedness 
upon?" 

What  is  the  purport  of  the  apostle's  question  ? 

Does  he  mean  to  ask  whether  the  Jews  alone  are  to  be 
justified,  or,  whether  circumcision  is  necessary  to  jus- 
tification 1 

What  is  the  force  of  for  before  the  second  clause  of  this 
verse  ?  Ans.  It  indicates  the  resumption  of  the  case 
of  Abraham. 

(10)  How  does  Paul  prove  that  Abraham  was  not  jus- 
tified on  account  of  his  circumcision  1 

In  what  condition  was  Abraham  when  he  was  justified  1 

(11)  If  circumcision  was  not  designed  to  secure  justi- 
fication, what  was  its  design  1 

How  was  circumcision  a  seal  ? 

What  was  it  a  seal  of? 

What  is  meant  by  the  righteousness  of  faith  ?  see  Phil. 
3:  9. 

What  was  the  result  of  Abraham's  being  justified  be- 
fore he  was  circumcised  ? 

What  is  meant  by  his  being  the  father  of  uncircum- 
cised  believers  ?  Gen.  4:  20. 

What  is  the  connexion  between  the  last  clause  of  this 
verse  and  the  former  part  of  it  ?  Ans.  He  is  their 
ather,  since  they  also  are  justified  by  faith  I 


51 

(12)  Is  Abraham  the  father  of  uncircuracised  behevers 
only  1 

Of  what  other  class  of  persons  is  he  the  father  1 
On  what  condition  is  he  their  fother  1 
What  is  meant  by  walking  in  the  steps  of  Abraham's 
faith? 

(13)  What  is  the  fourth  argument  for  justification  by- 
faith] 

Where  else  does  Paul  present  tliis  same  argument  1 

Gal.  3:  18,  &c. 
On  what  condition  was  the  promise  made  to  Abraham 

and  his  seed '? 
What  is  meant  by  "  through  the  righteousness  of  faithl" 
What  does  "  through  the  law"  mean  ? 
What  does  the  word  heir  here  mean  1     Heb.  1 :  2. 

6:  17. 
In  what  sense  are  Abraham  and  his  seed  to  be  heirs  of 

world?     Gen.  12:  3.  Gal.  3:  9,  16,  29. 

(14)  How  does  Paul  prove  that  those  who  are  of  the 
law  are  not  heirs  ? 

What  is  meant  by  being  of  the  law  ?  Gal.  3:  10. 
What  does  the  expression  "  faith  is  made  void"  mean  i* 
How  is  the  promise  made  of  no  effect  if  legal  obedience 
be  made  the  condition  of  acceptance  ? 

(15)  What  is  the  fifth  argument  for  Paul's  doctrine  ? 
With  what  is  this  verse  to  be  connected  ?     ^7is.  Not 

immediately  with  the   14th ;  it  bears  on  the  general 

proposition  of  the  chapter  that  justification  is  not  by 

works. 
How  does  the  nature  of  the  law  prove  that  justification 

cannot  be  by  works  ? 
How  does  the  law  work  wrath  ?  Gal.  3:  10. 
AVhy  does  the  law  thus  Avork  UTath  ? 
Why  cannot  there  be  transgression  where  there  is  no 

law  ?  ch.  5:  13. 

(16)  What  conclusion  does  Paul  draw  from  his  pre- 
vioias  reasoning  i* 


52 


To  what  does  the  word  it,  in  tlae  phrase  "  it  is  not  of 
faith,"  refer  ?  see  v.  13. 

What  are  the  consequences  of  the  promise  being  of 
faith? 

To  whom  is  the  promise  thus  rendered  sure  ? 

How  are  the  two  classes  of  Abraham's  seed  here  de- 
scribed? Acts  10:  45.  Gal.  3:  7. 

(17)  What  passage  does  Paul  quote  in  proof  that  Abra- 
ham's seed  was  to  be  so  numerous  ?  Gen.  17:  5. 

Who  are  intended  in  this  passage  by  Abraham's  seed  ?] 

With  what  are  the  words  before  -whom  to  be  connected  ? 

What  do  these  words  mean  ? 

In  whom  did  Abraham  believe  ? 

How  is  God  here  described  ? 

What  is  the  reason  that  Paul  here  describes  God  as 
quickening  the  dead,  &c.  ? 

Is  the  omnipotence  or  omniscience  of  God  principally 
intended  in  this  description  ? 

Doctrines. 

What  doctrine  is  to  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  the 

best  men  of  old  did  not  rely  on  works  for  acceptance 

with  God  ?  vs.  2,  3. 
On  what  truth  is  Paul's  argument  in  v.  3  founded  ? 
Why  can  not  the  two  methods  of  justification  be  united? 

vs.  4,  5. 
What  doctrine  do  vs.  5,  6,   11,  teach  as  to  the  nature 

and  effect  of  the  imputation  of  righteousness,  and  the 

light  in  which  men  are  viewed  in  themselves  when 

God  justifies  them  ? 
In  what  light  are  the  sacraments  to  be  viewed?  v.  10. 
What  does  v.  13  teach  as  to  the  future  prospects  of  the 

church  ? 
(On  what  docs  v.  16  represent  the  secure  possession  of 

God's  promise  as  depending  ? 


53 

What  renders  the  gospel  suited  to  all  classes  of  men  ? 

V.  16. 
What  is  the  proper  object  of  faith  ?  v.  17. 

Remarks.  ^ 

What  is  taught  in  vs.  1 — 5  as  to  the  evil  of  a  legal  spi- 
rit ? 

What  do  vs.  7,  8,  represent  as  the  true  source  of  happi- 
ness .-* 

What  lesson  is  taught  in  vs.  9 — 13  as  to  the  folly  of 
depending  on  external  rites  ? 

What  must  be  thought  of  those  whose  hopes  are  found- 
ed on  the  law  ?  v.  15. 

What  encouragement  to  the  exercise  of  faith  is  present- 
ed in  v.  17  ? 


CHAP.  4:  18—25. 

i^Who  against  hope  believed  in  hope,  that  he  might 
become  the  father  of  many  nations,  according  to  that 
which  was  spoken,  So  shall  thy  seed  be.  i^And  being 
not  weak  in  faith,  he  considered  not  his  own  body  now 
dead,  when  he  was  about  an  hundred  years  old,  neither 
yet  the  deadness  of  Sarah's  womb  :  2ohe  staggered  not 
at  the  promise  of  God  through  unbelief;  but  was  strong 
in  faith,  giving  glory  to  God;  ^land  being  fully  persua- 
ded that  what  he  had  promised,  he  was  able  also  to  per- 
form. 22And  therefore  it  was  imputed  to  him  for  right- 
eousness. 23]\f  ow  it  was  not  written  for  his  sake  alone, 
that  it  was  imputed  to  him ;  -^\m.i  for  us  also,  to  whom 
it  shall  be  imputed,  if  we  believe  on  him  that  raised  up 
Jesus  our  Lord  from  the  dead ;  25who  was  delivered  for 
our  offences,  and  was  raised  again  for  our  justification. 

Analysis. 
What  is  the  object  of  this  section  } 
What  was  the  object  of  Abraham's  faith?  v.  18. 


54 


How  does  Paul  illustrate  its  strength  ?  vs.  19,  20. 
What  was  the  ground  of  Abraham's  confidence  ?  y.  21. 
What  was  the  result  of  his  faith  ?  v.  23. 
What  inference  does  Paul  draw  from  this  history  of 

Abraham  ? 
What  are  we  called  upon  to  believe  ?  vs.  23 — 25. 

Commentary. 

(IS)  W'hat  is  meant  by  believing  against  hope  ? 
What  does  believing  in  hope  mean  ?  Acts  2:  26. 1  Cor. 

9:  10. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  latter  part  of  this  verse, 

"  that  he  might  become,  &c.  ?" 
What  promise  was  the   object    of  Abraham's   faith  ? 

Gen.  15:  5. 
How  does  it  appear  that  this  promise  did  not  refer  to 

the  number  of  his  natural  descendants  alone  ?  see  v. 

16.  Gal.  3:  14,  16. 
How  can  it  be  proved  that  Abraham  understood  these 

promises  as  including  that  of  the  Messiah  ?     John  8: 

56. 

(19)  What  circumstances  rendered  the  event  which 
God  had  promised,  in  itself  improbable  ? 

What  is  meant  by  Abraham's  not  considering  these 
circumstances  ? 

(20)  What  does  the  expression  "  he  staggered  not  at 
the  promise"  mean  ? 

Why  did  he  not  thus  stagger? 

What  is  meant  by  his  g^iving  glory  to  God  } 

(21)  On  what  was  Abraham's  confidence  founded  ? 

(22)  What  was  the  result  of  his  faith  ? 

(23,  24)  On  what  account  was  the  record  respecting 
Abraham's  faith  made  ? 

In  what  respect  is  our  situation  similai-  to  that  of  Abra- 
ham ^ 


55 


111  whom  did  he  believe  > 

In  whom  are  we  required  to  beUeve  ? 

How  docs  it  appear  that  the  promise  wliich  Abraham  be- 
lieved is  the  same  in  substance  as  that  which  we  must 
believe  r* 

What  is  implied  in  our  believing  that  God  has  raised 
Christ  from  the  dead  > 

(25)  To  what  was  Cluist  delivered  ? 

For  what  purpose  was  he  delivered  unto  death  ?  Is.  53: 
5,  6.  Heb.  9:  28.  1  Peter  2:  24. 

For  what  purpose  was  Christ  raised  from  the  dead  ? 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  words /or  our  Justification  ? 

How  is  Christ's  resuiTection  connected  with  our  justifi- 
cation ] 

Doctrines. 

What  is  taught  in  vs.  18,  20,  as  to  the  nature  of  faith  T 

On  what  is  genuine  faith  founded  ?  vs.  20,  21. 

How  does  it  appeal-  that  the  method  of  salvation  has  al- 
ways been  the  same]  vs.  24  and  17. 

In  what  light  does  v.  25  present  the  resurrection  of 
Christ  > 


Hemarhs. 

Wliat  does  v.  19  teach  as  to  the  method  of  gaining 

strength  of  faith  ? 
Why  does  not  the  strength  of  faith  depend  upon  the 

nature  of  the  thing  promised  ?  vs.  20 — 25. 
Why  is  unbehef  so  great  a  sin  }  vs.  20,  21. 
In  what  light  ought  we  to  view  the  history  of  God's 

people  as  recorded  in  liis  word  1  v.  23. 
What  are  the  two  great  truths  of  the  gospel  \  v.  25. 

Rom.  10:  9. 
How  ought  a  denial  of  the  propitiation  of  Christ  to  be 

viewed  i*  v.  25. 


56 


CHAPTER   V. 


What  is  the  object  of  this  chapter  from  ts.  1  to  11  in- 
clusive ? 
What  is  the  desim  of  vs.  12—21. 


CHAP.  5:  1—11. 

^Therefore  being  justified  by  faith  we  have  peace  with 
God  tlirough  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ :  2by  whom  also  we 
have  access  by  faith  into  this  grace  wherein  we  stand  and 
rejoice  in  hope  of  the  glory  of  God,  3^\nd  not  only  so, 
but  we  glory  in  tribulations  also  :  knowing  that  tribula- 
tion worketh  patience  ;  ''and  patience,  experience ;  and 
experience,  hope  ;  %nd  hope  maketh  not  ashamed ;  be- 
cause the  love  of  God  is  shed  abroad  in  our  hearts  by 
the  Holy  Ghost,  which  is  given  unto  us.  -^Por  when 
we  were  yet  without  strength,  in  due  time  Christ  died 
for  the  ungodly.  Tor  scarcely  for  a  righteous  man 
will  one  die  ;  yet  peradventure  for  a  good  man  some 
would  even  dare  to  die.  -But  God  commendeth  his 
love  towards  us,  in  that,  while  we  were  yet  sinners, 
Christ  died  for  us.  ^Much  more  then,  being  now  justi- 
fied by  his  blood,  we  shall  be  saved  from  wrath  through 
him.  lopor  if,  when  we  were  enemies,  we  were  recon- 
ciled to  God  by  the  death  of  his  Son,  much  more,  being 
reconciled,  we  shall  be  saved  by  his  life.  "And  not 
only  so,  but  we  also  joy  in  God,  through  our  Lord  Je- 
sus Christ,  by  whom  we  have  now  received  the  atone- 
ment. 


Analysis. 

What  is  the  first  consequence  derived  from  justification 
by  faith  .^  v.  1. 


57 


What  is  the  second  >  v.  2. 

What  is  the  third  ?  vs.  3 — 5. 

What  is  the  fourth  ?  vs.  6—10. 

On  what  grovuids  does  the  apostle  argue  for  the  certain 

ty  of  the  final  salvation  of  believers]  vs.  6 — 10. 
In  what  respect  is  salvation  a  present  good  1  v.  11. 

Commentary. 

(1)  What  is  meant  by  peace  with  God? 

How  does  this  flow  from  justification  by  faith  1 

To  whom  are  we  indebted  for  this  peace  1 

For  what  further  benefit  are    we   indebted  to   Jesus 

Christ] 
Into  what  state  have  we  access  through  Christ  ] 
What  does  gTace  here  mean  ] 
What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  wherein  we  stand  1" 
What  is  the  consequence  of  believers  being  in  this  state 

of  favour  with  God  ] 
What  is  meant  by  the  glory  of  God  ? 

(3)  What  other  result  flows  from  our  acceptance  with 
God? 

What  is  meant  by  glorying  in  tribulations  ?  Rom.  8: 

18.  2  Cor.  4:  17,  18. 
Why  does  the  Christian  rejoice  even  in  tribulations  ] 
What  is  the  ellect  of  the  Christian's  trials  ] 
What  does  patience  here  mean  ? 

(4)  What  does  patience  produce? 
What  is  meant  by  experience  ] 
How  docs  this  produce  hope  ] 
What  kind  of  hope  is  thus  produced  ] 

What  is  the  foundation  of  this  feeUng  of  confidence  ? 
What  does   the  expression   "  the   love  of  God"  here 

mean  ] 
How  is  this  shed  abroad  in  the  heart  1 
What  does  that  mean]   compare  ch.  8:  16.  2  Cor.   I: 

21,  22.  Eph.  1:  14. 


5S 


(6)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  6— 10  ? 

W  ith  what  view  does  Paul  here  make  this  exhibition  of 
the  freeness  and  greatness  of  the  love  of  God  1 

How  is  the  freeness  of  this  love  shown  1 

How  does  its  greatness  appear  ] 

What  is  meant  by  our  being  without  strength  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  words  i?i  due  time  ?  Is.  60:  22: 
Mark  1.  15.  Gal.  4:  4. 

What  is  meant  by  Christ's  dying  for  the  ungodly  ? 
V.  7.  Matt.  20:  28.  1  Tim.  2:  6. 

(7)  What  illustration  does  Paul  here  use  to  show  the 
greatness  of  the  love  of  Godi 

What  is  here  meant  by  the  word  righteous  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  word  good  P 

(8)  What  does  the  word  commend  here  mean  7  oh.  3:  5. 
What  inference  does  Paul  draw  from  the  love  of  God  ? 
What  is   meant  by  being  justified   by   the   blood   of 

Christ  1  ch.  3:  25.  Eph:  2:  13.  Heb.  12:  9. 
What  does  -.vrath  here  mean?   Matt.  3:  7.  1  Thess. 

1:  10. 
What  is  here  ascribed  to  Christ  ? 
How  does  Chiist  thus  save  us?  ch.  8:  34.  Heb.  4:  14, 

15.  7:  25.  Jude  v.  24.  1  John  2:  1. 

(10)  How  does  tliis  verse  differ  from  the  preceding? 
What  is  meant  by  being  reconciled  to  God  ?   Matt.  5: 

24.  Heb.  2:  17;  see  also  I  Sam.  29:  4.  Eph.  2:  16. 
How  does  it  appear  that  it  expresses  the  idea  of  God's 

displeasure  towards  us  being  removed  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  his  life  ?" 
How  does  the  life  of  Christ  secure  that  of  his  people  ? 

John  14:  19.  Heb.  7:  25.  Eph.  1:  2. 

(11)  What  is  the  force  of  the  words  not  07ily  so  P 
What  present  benefits  do  Christians  enjoy  ? 
What  is  meant  by  joying  in  God  ? 

W^hat  is  meant  by  receiving  the  atonement  ? 
What  is  intended  by  saying  that  we  have  now  received 
reconciliation  ? 


59 

To  whom  are  we  indebted  for  all  these  blessings  1 

Doctrines. 
What  is  taught  in  v.  1  respecting  the  foundation  of 

peace  with  God  ] 
What  does  this  section  teach  as  to  the  connexion  of  the 

various  blessings  of  redemption  ?  compare  ch.  8:  30. 
What  is  taught  respecting  the  Holy  Spirit  in  v.  5  ? 
What  is  the  foundation  of  assurance  ?  vs.  4,  5. 
To  what  is  the  final  perseverance  of  the  saints  to  be 

ascribed]  vs.  6 — 10. 
How  is  the  redemption  of  Christ  effected  ?  vs.  9,  10. 
What  it  the  primary  object  of  the  death  of  Christ  1  vs. 

9,  10.  Heb.  2:  17. 

Hemarks. 
In  what  Ught  does  this  section  present  the  Lord  Jesus  ? 
What  marks  of  Chiistian  character  are  presented  in  vs. 

1—5. 
How  are  the  fruits  of  reconciliation  with  God  to  be  ob* 

tained]  v.  1,  &c. 
What  is  the  character  of  the  Christian's  hope  ?  v.  5. 
What  effects  does  assurance  produce"?  vs.  8 — 10. 
What  are  the  peculiar  motives  to  holy  obedience  pre 

sented  in  vs.  9 — 10  ? 
Why  is  joy  characteristic  of  true  religion  ?  vs.  2,  11. 


CHAP.  5;  12—21. 

'2Wherefore,  as  by  one  man  sin  entered  into  the 
world,  and  death  by  sin ;  and  so  death  passed  upon  all 
men,  for  that  all  have  sinned.  i3(^For  until  the  law,  sin 
was  in  the  world :  but  sin  is  not  imputed  when  there  is 
no  law.  ^^Nevertheless,  death  reigned  from  Adam  to 
Moses,  even  over  them  that  had  not  sinned  after  the  si- 
jnilitude  of  Adam's  transgression,  who  is  the  figure  of 


60 

him  that  was  to  come :  i^but  not  as  the  offence,  so  also 
is  the  free  gift.  For  if  through  the  olfence  of  one 
many  be  dead ;  much  more  the  grace  of  God,  and  the 
gift  by  grace,  -cvhich  is  by  one  man,  Jesus  Christ,  hath 
abounded  unto  many.  i6\nd  not  as  it  ivas  by  one  that 
sinned,  so  is  the  gift :  for  the  judgment  xvas  by  one  to 
condemnation ;  but  the  free  gift  is  of  many  offences  unta 
justification.  ''For  if  by  one  man's  offence  death 
reigned  by  one ;  much  more  they  which  receive  abun- 
dance of  grace,  and  of  the  gift  of  righteousness,  shall 
reign  in  hfe  ])y  one,  Jesus  Christ:)  ''therefore,  as  by 
the  offence  of  one  judgment  came  upon  all  men  to 
condemnation ;  even  so  by  the  righteousness  of  one  the 
free  gift  came  upon  all  men  unto  justification  of  life. 
i^For  as  by  one  man's  disobedience  many  were  made 
sinners,  so  by  the  obedience  of  one  shall  many  be  made 
righteous.  ^oMoreover  the  law  entered,  that  the  offence 
might  abound.  But  where  sin  abounded,  grace  did 
much  more  abound:  2ithat  as  sin  hath  reigned  unto- 
death,  even  so  might  grace  reign,  through  righteousness, 
unto  eternal  hfe,  by  Jesus  Chiist  our  Lord. 

Analysis. 
What  is  the  design  of  this  section  ?     Ans.  To  illustrate 

the  doctrine  of  justification    on  the  ground  of  the 

merit  of  Christ,  by  a  reference  to  the  condemnation 

of  men  for  the  sin  of  Adam. 
How  does  this  appear  ? 
What  is  the  connexion  of  this  passage,  as  indicated  by  the 

word  -wherefore,  with  the  preceding  part  of  the  epistle  1 
What  is  the  course  of  the  apostle's  argument  ? 
What  position  is  assumed  in  v.  12  ]     Ans.  On  account 

of  one  man  death  has  passed  on  all  men. 
How  is  tliis  position  proved  in  vs.  13,  14? 
On  what  principle  is  this  argument  founded  ?  v.  13. 
What  inference  is  drawn  from  the  fact  that  all  men  are 

subject  to  penal  evils?  v.  13. 


61 

How  is  the  universality  of  death  to  be  accounted  for  ? 

Can  it  be  accounted  for  on  the  supposition  that  all  men' 

*     have  violated  the  law  of  Moses  1  v.  14. 

Can  it  be  accounted  for  on  the  supposition  that  all  have 
violated  the  law  of  nature  ?  v.  14. 

Are  not  mankind  subject  to  penal  evils  prior  to  any  per- 
sonal sins  of  then-  own  1  v.  14. 

How  then  is  this  universality  of  punishment  to  be  ac- 
counted for  ? 

What  mference  does  Paul  draw  from  this  conclusion .? 

In  what  respect  is  Adam  a  type  of  Christ  1 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  15,  16,  17  1 

What  is  the  first  point  of  difference  between  the  case 
of  Adam  and  that  of  Christ?  v.  15. 

What  is  the  second?  v.  16. 

What  is  the  third  ?  v.  17. 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  18,  19  ? 

How  is  the  comparison  commenced  in  v.  12  here  re- 
sumed and  carried  out? 

If  men  are  justified  for  the  obedience  of  Christ,  for 
what  puq)ose  is  the  law  ?  v.  20. 

What  is  the  design  of  v.  21  ? 

Commentary. 
(12)  What  is  theforceof  wyiere/*ore.?     Ans.  It  follows 

from  what  has  been  said. 
What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  by  one  man  sin  entered 

into  the  world  ?"     .,4/js.  One  man  was  the  occasion  of 

all  men  becoming  sinners. 
How  does  it  appeal-  that  this  is  its  meaning  ?  compare  the 

con-esponding  expressions  in  vs.  15,  16,  17,  18,  19.  .; 
In  what  sense  did  we  become  sinners  on  account  of  one 

man  ?  compare  v.  19. 
What  docs  the  expression  "  death  by  sin"  mean  ? 
What  docs  t/eath  here  mean  1  Gen.  2:  17.  Ezek.  18:  4. 

Rom.  6:  23.  8:  13,  &c.  &c. 
What  is  meant  by  death  passing  upon  all  men  ? 
F 


What  is  the  force  of  the  words  and  so  P  Ans.  Hence" 
it  is.  By  one  man  men  became  sinners,  and  so,  on  ac- 
count of  this  one  man,  death  passed  upon  all. 

What  do  the  words  for  that  here  mean  1 

How  axe  the  words  all  have  sinned  to  be  understood  1 
Jins.  All  are  regarded  and  treated  as  sinners.  Death 
has  passed  on  all  men  on  account  of  one  man,  be- 
cause on  his  account  all  are  regarded  as  sinners. 

How  does  it  appear  that  this  interpretation  is  correct  1 
compare,  for  the  sense  of  the  words.  Gen.  44;  32. 
43:  9.  1  Kings  1:  21,  and  for  their  meaning  here,  vs. 
18,  19,  and  also  vs.  15,  16,  17. 

(13)  What  are  this  and  the  following  verse  designed  to 
prove?  JJns.  That  all  men  are  subject  to  death  on 
account  of  one  man. 

How  do  they  prove  this  position  1 

What  is  meant  by  death  in  this  verse  1     Ans.  Penal 

evil  of  any  kind. 
What  is  meant  by  until  the  latu  ? 
What   does  the   expression   "  sin  was  in  the  world" 

meani  compare  the  last  clause  of  v.  12. 
What  does  the  expression  *'  sin  is  not  imputed"  mean^^ 

ch.  4:  8. 
What  general  principle  is  here  advanced"? 

(14)  What  is  the  connexion  and  force  of  this  verse  1 
Ans.  Though  sin  is  not  punished  where  there  is  no 
law,  yet  we  see  that  those  are  subject  to  penal  evils, 
who  have  never  violated  either  the  law  of  Moses  or 
the  law  of  nature. 

What  is  meant  by  death  reigning  from  Adam  to  Moses? 

What  is  the  force  of  the  word  even  here  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  who  have  not  sinned 

after  the  similitude  of  Adam's  transgression  ?" 
How  did  Adam  sin  ? 
How  did  those  sin  who  lived  before  the  time  of  Mo-  • 

sesl 
How  then  did  those  sin,  who  are  here  distinguished  from- 


63 

the  general  class  of  men  who  lived  without  any  ex- 
press revelation  of  the  law  of  God  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  word  figure  here  7 
Of  whom  was  Adam  the  type  ?  Matt.  11:  3. 
What  is  the  point  of  resemblance  between  Adam  and 
Christ?     Ans.  Each  stood  as  the  head  and  repre- 
sentative of  all  connected  with  them. 

(15)  What  is  the  design  of  verses  15,  16,  \1\ 
What  is  the  point  of  diiference  between  the  case  of 

Adam  and  that  of  Christ  referred  to  in  this  verse  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  offence  ? 

What  does  the  free  gift  mean  ? 

Why  is  not  the  one  like  the  other  ? 

Who  are  intended  by  the  many?  compare  vs.  18  and 
19. 

What  does  dead  here  mean  ? 

On  what  account  are  all  said  to  be  subject  to  death  ? 

What  is  meant  by  through  the  offence  of  one  7  compare 
the  corresponding  clauses  in  the  following  verses. 

What  is  meant  by  the  grace  of  God  and  the  gift  by 
grace  1 

On  what  ground  does  Paul  say  that  if  we  die  on  ac- 
count of  the  offence  of  Adam  tnuch  more  shall  we 
live  on  account  of  the  righteousness  of  Cluist  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  wliich  is  hy  one 
man,  Jesus  Christ  1" 

What  does  the  pluase  "hath  abounded  unto  many" 
mean  ? 

Who  are  intended  by  the  many  ?  see  v.  18. 

(16)  What  word  must  be  supplied  in  the  first  clause  of 
this  verse  ? 

What  is  the  point  of  difference  between  Christ  and 

Adam  here  pointed  out  ?  * 

What  is  meant  by  judgment  to  condemnation  ? 
On  what  ground  is  this  condemnatory  sentence  passed  \ 
On  whom  is  it  passed  }  see  v.  18. 


64 


To  what  do  the  words  by  one  refer  ;  is  it  by  one  man, 

or  by  one  offence? 
What  is  meant  by  saying  a  sentence  is  by  an  offence  ? 

Jlns.  That  it  is  on  account  of  the  offence ;  compare 

Gal.  2:  16.  Tit.  3:  5. 
What  is  meant  by  the  free  gift?  see  v.  17. 
What  is  intended  by  saying  that  the  gift  of  pardon,  or 

justification  is  of  many  offences  r* 
What  is  the  sentiment  of  this  verse  ? 

(17)  What  is  the  point  of  difference  between  the  fall 
and  redemption  here  referred  to  1 

What  does  the  first  clause  of  this  verse  mean  1  see  v. 

15. 
How  do   the  two  expressions  "  abundance  of  grace," 

and  "  the  gift  of  righteousness"  stand  related  to  each 

other  ]     Ans.  The  latter  is  explanatory  of  the  former. 
What  is  meant  by  the  gift  of  righteousness  ]  see  vs.  15 

16. 
WTiat  is  meant  by  receiving  this  gift "? 
What  does  reigning  in  life  mean  .' 
Who  shall  thus  reign  in  'life  ] 

(18)  What  is  the  force  of  the  word  therefore  here  ? 
What  does  Paul  say  comes  on  all  men  1 

On  what  account  was  tliis  sentence  passed  on  them  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  by  the  offence  of 

one!"  see  v.  12    "death  by  sin;"  v.  18,  "%  the 
,  righteousness  of  one;"  v.  19,  ^' by  the  obedience  of 

one,"  &c.  &c. 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  '  gift  unto  justification  V 

Jlns.  The  free  gift  of  justification. 
On  what  account  is  this  sentence  of  justification  passed  ? 
What  is  meant  by  justification  of  life  ? 
Who  are  intended  by  the  all  men  in  the  first  clause  of 

this  verse  1     Ans,  All  connected  with  Adam. 
Who  are  meant  by  th^  all  men  in  the  second  clause  1 

Ajis.  All  connected  with  Christ. 
How  does  it  appear  that  such  is  the  correct  interpreta- 


65 


tion  ?  compare  v.  1 7,  the  all  who  are  to  reign  in 
life,  are  all  who  receive  the  gift  of  righteousness. 
Compare  what  is  said  of  the  two  classes,  here  spoken 
of,  in  vs.  15,  16,  17,  18,  19;  and  see  the  analogous 
passage,  1  Cor.  15  :  22. 
What  is  then  the  doctrine  taught  in  this  verse  1 

(19)  What  is  the  relation  of  this  verse  with  the  18th 
as  indicated  by  forP 

How  are  the  many  to  be  made  righteous  1 

W^hat  is  meant  by  the  obedience  of  Christ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  are  made  sin- 
ners ?     A71S.  iVre  regarded  and  treated  as  sinners. 

How  can  this  interpretation  be  established]  compare 
the  similar  expressions  to  make  clean,  to  make  just, 
to  make  guilty.  Compare  the  opposite  phrase  in  this 
verse,  "shall  be  made  righteous;"  see  2  Cor.  5:  ^1. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  shall  be  made  right- 
eous ?"  see  2  Cor.  5:  21. 

(20)  What  is  the  design  of  tliis  verse  1 
What  law  is  here  intended  ] 

What  is  meant  by  the  word  entered? 
With  what  design  was  the  law  thus  superinduced  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "that  sin  might  abound!" 
What  is  meant  by  grace  abounding  much  more  than 
sinl 

(21)  What  is  meant  by  sin  reigning  unto  death  1 
What  does  the  word  righteousness  here  mean  1 
What  is  meant  by  righteousness  (i.  e.  justification)  unto 

eternal  life  ]  see  v.  1 6,  "justification  of  life." 
What  is   meant  by  throngh  here]      Ans.  With,  in 

connexion  with. 
To  whom  are  we  indebted  for  this  justification  ? 
In  what  respects  does  grace  much  more  abound  than  sin  ? 

Doctrines. 
What  is  the  leading  doctrine  of  this  passage.     Ans^ 


66 


The  tlocti-ine  of  imputation ;  that  is,  that  in  virtue  of 
the  union,  representative  and  natural,  between  Adam 

¥._  and  his  posterity,  his  sin  is  the  ground  of  their  con- 
demnation ;  and  that  in  virtue  of  the  union  between 
Christ  and  his  people,  his  righteousness  is^,the  ground 
of  their  justification;  see  vs.  12,  15,  16,' 17,  18,  19. 

What  is  the  death  or  penal  evil  which  is  inflicted  on  all 
men  for  the  sin  of  Adam?  Ji7is.  The  judicial  with- 
holdmg  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  the  lost  of  original  right- 
eousness and  the  consequent  corruption  of  natm-e. 

When  had  the  human  race  its  probation  1 

In  what  relation  does  this  passage  represent  men  as 
standing  to  Adam  and  to  each  other  ] 

On  what  giound  does  it  place  our  acceptance  with 
God"?  vs.  18,  19. 

In  what  light  does  it  present  sin  ? 

How  does  it  represent  God  as  bringing  good  out  of 
evil?  vs.  20,  21. 

Iie7na7'ks. 

What  effect  should  the  doctrine  of  the  fall  produce  upon 
us?  vs.  12,  15,  16. 

What  effect  ought  the  redemption  of  Christ  to  produce? 
v.  17. 

What  can  those  expect  who  reject  the  gift  of  righteous- 
ness ? 

What  ground  of  hope  does  this  passage  afford  with 
regard  to  those  who  die  in  infancy  ? 

What  lesson  does  it  teach  as  to  the  danger  of  commit- 
ting even  one  sin  ? 

In  what  light  does  it  present  our  obligations  to  Christ? 

What  effect  ought  the  law  to  produce  on  us  >  v.  20. 

What  prospects  as  to  the  future  does  it  open  to  us  ?  v. 
21. 


67 


CHAPTER    VI. 

What  is  the  design  of  this  and  the  following  chapter '? 
Of  how  many  parts  does  this  chapter  consist  ?     Ans. 

Two,  vs.  1—11,  and  vs.  12—23. 
What  objection  does  the  apostle    answer  in  the  first 

part  ? 
What  is  the  purport  of  the  second  part } 

CHAP.  6:  1—11. 

iWhat  shall  we  say  then  }  Shall  we  continue  in  sin, 
that'grace  may  abound  ?  2God  forbid.  How  shall  we,  that 
are  dead  to  sin,  live  any  longer  therein?  ^know  ye  not,  that 
so  many  of  us  as  were  baptized  into  Jesus  Christ  were 
baptized  into  his  death  }  ■^therefore  we  are  buried  with 
him  by  baptism  into  death ;  that  like  as  Christ  was  rais- 
ed up  from  the  dead  by  the  glory  of  the  Father,  even 
so  we  also  should  walk  in  newness  of  Ufe.  ^Yox  if  we 
have  been  planted  together  in  the  likeness  of  his  death, 
we  shall  be  also  in  the  likeness  of  his  resmrection : 
^knowing  this,  that  our  old  man  is  crucified  with  him, 
that  the  body  of  sin  might  be  destroyed,  that  henceforth 
we  should  not  serve  sin.  Tor  he  that  is  dead  is  freed 
from  sin.  ^Now  if  we  be  dead  with  Christ,  we  believe 
that  we  shall  also  live  with  him :  ^knowing  that  Christ, 
being  raised  from  the  dead,  dieth  no  more  ;  death  hath 
no  more  dominion  over  him.  ^^Yox  in  that  he»died,  he 
died  unto  sin  once :  but  in  that  he  Uveth,  he  liveth  unto 
God.  "Likewise  reckon  ye  also  yourselves  to  be  dead 
indeed  unto  sin,  but  alive  unto  God  through  Jesus 
Christ  our  Lord. 


Analysis. 
What  is  the  leading  idea  of  this  section?     Ans.  That 


68 


union  with  Christ,  instead  of  leading  to  the  indul 
gence  of  sin,  is  necessary  to  hoUness. 

What  is  the  objection  presented  in  v.  1. 

How  does  Paul  treat  it  in  v.  2  ? 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  3,  4  ?  Ans.  To  show  the 
nature  and  design  of  Christianity. 

What  is  the  apostle's  object  in  vs.  5 — 7  ?  Aits.  To 
show  that,  if  united  to  Christ,  so  as  to  receive  the  be- 
nefits of  his  death,  we  must  be  conformed  to  his  life. 

In  what  respects  is  our  life  to  be  conformed  to  that  of 
Christ?  vs.  8— 11. 

Commentary. 

(1)  What  is  the  import  of  the  first  question  in  this 
verse  1 

From  what  doctrine  of  the  apostle's  were  men  disposed 
to  draw  the  inference  that  they  might  continue  in 
sin  ? 

(2)  What  does  Paul  say  to  this  objection  }  Ans.  That 
it  involves  a  contradiction. 

What  is  meant  by  being  dead  to  sin  ?  Gal.  2:  19.  1  Pet. 
2:  24,  (fee. 

(3)  How  does  Paul  prove  that  the  Christian  is  dead  to 
sin  .<*  Ans.  By  showing  that  the  very  design  of  the 
gospel  is  to  deliver  men  from  sin,  and,  therefore,  if 
embraced  at  all,  it  must  be  with  a  view  to  this  object 
and  with  this  result. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  being  baptized  into  Jesus 
Christ?  Matt.  28:  19.  1  Cor.  1:  13.  10:  2. 

What  is  meant  by  being  baptized  into  death  ?  compare 
Matt  3:  11.  Mark  1:  4.  1  Cor.  12:  13. 

(4)  What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  the  pre- 
ceding ? 

What  is  meant  by  baptism   unto  death  ?     Ans.  That 

we  should  die  ;  compare  Matt.  3:  11. 
What  ?s  meant  by  our  being  buried  ?  compare  vs.  5,  8, 


G9 


To  what  docs  baptism  hero  refer  ? 

With  what  view  are  we  united  to  Christ  in  his  death  ! 

What  is  meant  by  walking  in  newness  of  life  > 

How  was  Christ  raised  from  the  dead  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  glory  of  the  Father  > 

(5)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 
What  is  the  force  of  for  in  this  case  ? 
What  is  meant  by  being  planted  together  ? 

In  what  respect  arc  we  thus  intimately  united  with 

Christ  > 
Wliat  is  meant  by  likeness  of  his  death  > 
What  is  the  consequence  of  our  union  with  Christ  in 

his  death  ? 
What  is  meant  by  our  being  united  with  him  in  the 

likeness  of  his  resurrection  \ 

(6)  In  what  connexion  does  this  verse  stand  with  the 
6th  ? 

What  is  meant  by  our  old  man  ?  Eph.  4:  22.  Col.  3:  9. 
What  is  meant  l)y  the  expression  "  was  crucified  with 

him  ?"  compare  v.  8.  Gal.  2:  20. 
Wliat  is  the  object  of  our  being  united  with  Christ  in 

his  death  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  body  of  sin  ?  Col.  2:  11. 
How  does  the  destruction  of  sin  result  from  the  death  of 

Christ  ?  V.  14.  ch.  8:  3,  4,  9. 
W  hat  is  the  design  and  consequence  of  this  destruction 

of  the  power  of  sin  } 
What  is  Paul's  argument  in  vs.  5,  6  ? 

(7)  W'hat  is  the  general  import  of  this  verse  ? 

In  what  connexion  does  it  stand  to  the  preceding  ? 
What  is  to  be  supplied  after  the  word  dead  ?     Ans. 

With  Christ ;  see  vs.  6,  8. 
What  does  the  expression  "  is  free  from  sin"  properly 

mean  ?     »?»,?.  The  original  means,  is  justified  from 

sin,  Acts  13:  39. 
What  is  the  nature  of  the  apostle's  argument  here  "* 

compare  Gal.  2:  19,  20.  6:  14.  1  Pet.  4:  1. 


70 

(8)  What  is  the  purport  of  vs.  8—11? 
What  is  meant  by  being  dead  with  Christ  ? 
What  is  the  force  of  the  expression  "  we  beUeve  ?" 
What  are  the  two  prominent  ideas  included  in  the  ex-. 

pression  "  we  shall  live  with  him  ?" 
What  is  the  life  here  referred  to  ?  John  3:  36.  5:  24. 
Is  Paul  simply  running  a  parallel  between  the  death 

and  resurrection  of  Christ  and  the  spiritual  death  and 

resurrection  of  believers  ? 

(9)  In  what  respects  is  our  life  to  be  conformed  to  that 
of  Christ  > 

What  does  Paul  teach  in  tliis  verse  respectmg  the  life 

of  Christ  ?     ,^7is.  That  it  is  perpetual. 
With  what  view  does  he  present  this  idea  1  compare 

ch.  5:  10.  John  14:  19. 

(10)  In  what  connexion  does  this  verse  stand  to  the 
preceding? 

In  what  sense  did  Christ  die  unto  sin  ?  compare  ch.  4; 

25.  Gal.  1:  4. 
Why  is  Christ's  dying  once  sufficient  1  Heb.  9:  28.  10: 

10,  14. 
What  is  meant  by  Christ's  living  unto  God  1 

(11)  What  inference  is  here  drawn  from  the  preceding 


In  what  sense  are  we  to  regard  ourselves  as  dead  unto 

sin  1  compare  vs.  5,  6,  7,  8. 
What  is  meant  by  being  alive  unto  God  ? 
Through  whom  is  our  dying  unto  sin  and  living  unto 

God  effected? 

Doctrines. 

What  test  of  the  truth  of  any  doctrine  is  suggested  by 

vs.  1,  2  ? 
Why  cannot  a  man  be  a  Christian  who  lives  in  sin  ? 

y.  2. 
^hat  is  to  b^  thought  of  Antinomianism  ?  vs.  2,  3,  4j 


11 

What  do  vs.  3,  4,  teach  as  to  the  design  of  baptism! 
What  is  the  great  design  of  Christianity  ?  v.  3. 
What  is  the  source  of  holiness  ?  vs.  4,  6. 
What  inference  may  be  drawm  from  the  fact  that  Christ 

Uves?  V.  8. 
What  is  the  only  sufficient  evidence  of  union  with 

Christ? 


Remarks. 

What  lesson  does  this  section  teach  as  to  necessity  of 

holiness  ? 
In  what  light  ought  the  conduct  of  those  professors  of 

religion  to  be  viewed  who  live  in  sin  ? 
In  what  relation  do  holiness  and  pardon  stand  to  each 

other  1  V.  4,  &c. 
How  is  sin  to  be  conquered  ?  vs.  6,  8. 
What  ground  of  confidence  for  the  believer  is  presented 

in  v.  8,  &c.  of  final  salvation  1 


CHAP.  6:  12—23. 

i2Let  not  sin  therefore  reign  in  your  mortal  body,  that 
ye  should  obey  it  in  the  lusts  thereof.  '^Neither  yield 
ye  your  members  as  instruments  of  unrighteousness 
unto  sin  :  but  yield  yourselves  unto  God,  as  those  that 
are  alive  from  the  dead,  and  your  members  as  instru- 
ments of  righteousness  unto  God.  i-^For  sin  shall  not 
have  dominion  over  you :  for  ye  are  not  under  the  law, 
but  under  grace.  i^What  then  1  Shall  we  sin,  because 
we  are  not  under  the  law,  but  under  grace  ?  God  forbid. 
i^Know  ye  not,  that  to  whom  ye  yield  yourselves  ser- 
vants to  obey,  his  servants  ye  are  to  whom  ye  obey ; 
whether  of  sin  unto  death,  or  of  obedience  unto  right- 
eousness? ''But  God  be  thanked,  that  ye  were  the 
servants  of  sin :  but  ye  have  obeyed  from  the  heart  that 
form  of  doctrine  which  was  delivered  you.     ^^Being 


72 

then  made  free  from  sin,  ye  became  the  servants  of 
righteousness.  ^^I  speak  after  the  manner  of  men,  be- 
cause of  the  infirmity  of  your  flesh :  for  as  ye  have 
yielded  your  members  servants  to  uncleanness  and  to- 
iniquity,  unto  iniquity  ;  even  so  now  yield  your  mem- 
bers servants  to  righteousness,  unto  holiness.  2opor 
when  ye  were  the  servants  of  sin,  ye  were  free  from 
righteousness.  2iWhat  fruit  had  ye  then  in  those  things 
whereof  ye  are  now  ashamed?  for  the  end  of  those 
things  is  death.  22]3ut  now  being  made  free  from  sin, 
and^become  serv^ants  to  God,  ye  have  fruit  unto  holiness; 
and  the  end,  everlasting  life.  23For  the  wages  of  sin  is 
death ;  but  the  gift  of  God  is  eternal  life,  through  Jesus 
Christ  our  liord. 

^7ialusis. 

What  exhortation  is  addiessed  to  believers  in  vs.  12, 
13? 

What  encouragement  to  contend  against  sin  is  pre- 
sented in  V.  14  ? 

What  important  principle  is  laid  down  in  v.  14 1 

Does  this  principle  lead  to  the  indulgence  of  sin '?  v.  15. 

How  does  Paul  show  that  it  does  not  ?  vs.  6 — 23. 

In  what  state  were  beUevers  before  their  conversion  1 

In  what  state  are  they  after  it  ? 

What  is  the  consequence  of  the  service  of  sin  ? 

What  is  the  consequence  of  the  service  of  holiness  ? 

C'oin?ne}itari/. 
(12)  What  is  the  foundation  of  this  exhortation  ? 
What  is  meant  by  sin  reigning  ? 
What  is  meant  by  mortal  body  here  ? 
In  what  relation  do  the  two  clauses  of  this  verse  stand 

to  each  other  1 
To  what  does  the  word  (hereof  refer  ?     Jlns.  To  the 

body. 


73 


( 1 3)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  to  yield  unto  ? 
What  is  meant  by  your  members  ]  Col.  3:  5. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  instruments 

of  unrighteousness  ?" 
What  is  meant  by  yielding  ourselves  to  God  } 
In  what  sense  are  believers  alive  from  the  dead  ?  Eph. 

2:  5,  6. 
In  what  relation  does  the  latter  clause  of  this  verse  stand 

to  the  former  ? 
What  is  meant  here  by  unto  God  1 

(14)  In  what  connexion  does  this  verse  stand  to  the 
preceding  ? 

Why  shall  sin  not  have  dominion  over  the  believer  ? 
What  is  meant  by  being  under  the  law  >  Gal.  4:  2,  4; 

compare  Rom.  3:  9. 
How  does  it  appear  that  the  law  here  is  not  merely  the 

Mosaic  law  ? 
What  is  meant  by  being  under  grace  } 
What  important  practical  truth  is  contained  in   this 

verse  } 

(15)  Is  it  a  fair  inference  from  v.  14  that  the  believer 
may  continue  in  sin  ? 

(16)  Why  not? 

What  illustration  of  his  subject  does  the  apostle  here 

employ  ? 
What  is  the  point  of  this  comparison?     Ans.  As   a 

slave  is  under  an  influence  which  secures  obedience 

to  his  master,  so  is  he  who  serves  sin,  and  he  who 

serves  holinfiss. 
What  is  the  import  of  the  first  part  of  this  question  } 

Ans.  Know  ye  not  that  a  servant  is  one  who  is  under 

a  constraining  influence  to  obedience  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  servant  of  sin  unto 

death  r 
What  is  meant  by  servant  of  obedience  ? 
In  what  sense  are  the  words  unto  righteousness  to  b« 

taken  ? 


74 

(17)  For  what  does  Paul  give  thanks'! 
To  what  were  believers  formerly  servants  ? 
To  what  are  they  now  obedient  ? 

What  is  the  character  of  this  obedience  ? 
What  is  meant  by  form  of  doctrine  ? 
What  is  meant  by  this  form  of  doctrine  being  deliverecT 
unto  them  ? 

(18)  From  what  are  believers  emancipated? 
To  what  have  they  become  obedient? 
What  is  the  illustration  here  intended  1 

(19)  What  is  meant  by  the  expression,  "I  speak  after 
the  manner  of  men  ?" 

Why  did  Paul  borrow  this  illustration  from  the  common 
affairs  of  life  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  infirmity  of  your  flesh  ? 

What  is  there  incongruous  in  this  illustration,  which 
led  the  apostle  to  state  why  he  used  it  ? 

With  what  is  the  second  clause  to  be  connected  ?  ^?is. 
Withv.  18. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  iniquity  unto  ini- 
quity ?" 

What  is  meant  by  "  righteousness  unto  holiness  ?" 

(20)  How  is  this  verse  to  be  understood  ? 

In  what  sense  were  believers,  before  conversion,  free  from 
righteousness  ? 

(21)  What  considerations  are  used  in  this  and  the 
following  verse  in  support  of  the  exhortation  in  v.  19? 

In  what  sense  is  the  phrase  "  to  have  fruit"  to  be  here 

taken  ? 
What  are  the  things  of  which  believers  are  ashamed? 
Why  do  they  regard  them  with  shame  ? 
To  what  result  do  they  tend? 
What  is  meant  by  death  ? 

(22)  What  is  the  general  meaning  of  this  verse  "^ 
What  is  the  result  of  the  service  of  God  ? 


75 


What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  fruit  unto  hoU- 
ness  ?" 

To  what  result  does  hohness  lead  ? 

(23)  Why  does  sin  lead  to  death  ? 

Why  does  holiness  lead  to  life  ? 

What  is  the  nature  of  the  connexion  between  sin  and 
death  ] 

What  is  the  nature  of  the  connexion  between  obe- 
dience and  eternal  life  ? 

To  whom  are  we  indebted  for  the  gracious  reward  of 
obedience  1 

Doctrines. 
What  is  the  leading  doctrine  of  this  section  respecting 

sanctification  ? 
Does  Paul  teach  merely  that  it  is  obUgatory  on  the 

Christian  to  renounce  sin,  or  that  he  does  actually 

renounce  it?  vs.  15 — 18. 
In  what  light  is  religion  presented  in  v.  12,  &c.  ? 
What  do  vs.  21,  22,  teach  of  the  nature  and  effects  of 


sm 


Does  eternal  life  follow  as  a  natural  consequence  of  any 
thing  in  us  ?  v.  23. 

Jiemarks. 

What  practical  instruction  does  this  passage  afford  as 
to  the  method  of  cultivating  holiness  ? 

In  what  light  ought  despondency,  in  connexion  with 
piety,  to  be  viewed  ] 

In  what  hght  are  sinners  represented  in  vs.  12,  13,  16? 

How  is  it  that  those  who  were  the  servants  of  sin  be- 
come the  servants  of  hoUness  ?  v.  1 7. 

Under  what  delusion  do  vs.  20 — 22  represent  the  sin- 
ner as  acting  ? 

With  what  feelings  should  a  Christian  look  back  on  his 
former  life.^  v.  21. 


76 


CHAPTER    VII. 

What  is  the  object  of  the  first  section,  vs.  1 — 6 1    Ans. 

To  show  that  the  beUever  is  indeed  free  from  the 

law. 
What  is  the  object  of  the  second  section,  vs.  7 — 25  ? 

Ans.  To  show  the  true  operation  of  the  law. 
Into  how  many  parts  is  this  latter  section  to  be  divided  1 

Ans.  Two,  vs.  7—13,  and  vs.  14—22. 


CHAP.  7:  1—6. 

iKnow  ye  not,  brethren,  (for  I  speak  to  them  that 
know  the  law),  how  that  the  law  hath  dominion  over  a 
man  as  long  as  he  Uveth  ]  2For  a  woman  which  hath  an 
husband  is  bound  by  the  law  to  her  husband,  so  long  as 
he  liveth ;  but  if  the  husband  be  dead,  she  is  loosed  from 
the  law  of  her  husband.  ^So  then,  if,  while  her  hus- 
band liveth,  she  be  married  to  another  man,  she  shall  be 
called  an  adulteress :  but  if  her  husband  be  dead,  she 
is  free  from  that  law;  so  that  she  is  no  adulteress, 
though  she  be  married  to  another  man.  ^"YVherefore, 
my  brethren,  ye  also  are  become  dead  to  the  law  by  the 
body  of  Christ;  that  ye  should  be  married  to  another, 
even  to  him  who  is  raised  from  the  dead,  that  we  should 
bring  forth  fruit  unto  God.  ^For  when  we  were  in  the 
flesh,  the  motions  of  sins,  which  were  b}'-  the  law,  did 
work  in  our  members,  to  bring  forth  fruit  unto  death. 
^But  now  we  are  delivered  from  the  law,  that  being  dead 
wherein  we  were  held ;  that  we  should  serve  in  newness 
of  spirit,  and  not  in  the  oldness  of  the  letter. 

Analysis. 
What  is  the  design  of  this  section  ? 
What  general  fact  is  stated  in  v.  I  ? 


77 

What  illustration  of  this  general  truth  is  given  in  vs. 

2,  3] 
What  application  of  this  illustration  is  made  to  the  case 

of  believers  in  vs.  4,  6  ? 
How  are  we  freed  from  the  law  1  v.  4. 
To  whom  are  we  then  united  ?  v.  4. 
WTiat  is  the  result  of  our  being  under  the  law  ?  v.  5. 
What  is  the  result  of  our  union  with  Christ  ?  v.  6. 

Commeniarif. 

(1)  Who  are  here  intended  by  those  who  know  the 
law? 

What  is  it  that  they  are  supposed  to  know  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  law  having  dominion  over  a  man 
as  long  as  he  lives? 

(2)  What  is  the  force  of /or  at  the  beginning  of  this 
verse? 

How  is  this  verse  an  illustration  of  the  general  remark 
contained  in  v.  1. 

How  long  is  a  woman  bound  by  the  law  to  her  hus- 
band ? 

What  frees  her  from  this  obligation  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  law  of  her  Ims- 
band?" 

(3)  How  does  it  appear  that  the  woman  is  bound  to 
her  husband  as  long  as  he  Uves  ? 

How  does  it  appear  that  his  death  frees  her  irom  this 
obligation  ? 

(4)  What  is  the  application  which  Paul  makes  of  this 
illustration  1 

From  what  is  the  beUever  freed  1 

To  whom  may  he  be  united  ? 

How  does  Paul  express  the  idea  that  we  are  freed  from 

the  law  ? 
Why  does  he  not  say  that  the  law  is  dead,  instead  of 

saying  we  are  dead  to  the  law? 


78  "^ 

What  is  meant  by  our  being  dead  to  the  lawl  v.  G. 

Gal.  2:  19. 
How  are  believers  freed  from  the  law  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  body  of  Christ  1  Eph.  2:  13,  15, 

16.  Col.  1:  22. 
With  what  view  are  we  freed  from  the  law  ? 
Why  is  Christ  here  spoken  of  as  he  who  arose  from 

the  dead  > 
What  is  the  object  of  being  united  to  Christ  ? 
What  is  meant  by  our  bringing  forth  fruit  unto  God  1 

(5)  Why  is  it  necessary  that  we  should  be  freed  from 
the  law  ? 

What  is  meant  by  being  in  the  flesh"?   compare  ch. 

8:  8.  Gal.  3:  3.  Rom.  4:  1.  Phil.  3:  4—6. 
What  does  the  expression  "  motions  of  sins"  meani 
In  what  sense  are  these  sinful  emotions  by  the  law  ? 

see  V.  8. 
What  is  meant  by  "  did  work  in  our  members  ?" 
What  was  the  result  of  this  influence  of  sin  i* 
What  is  meant  by  bringing  forth  fruit  unto  death  ? 

(6)  How  does  Paul  describe  the  state  of  a  Christian  ? 
What  is  meant  by  being  delivered  from  the  law  1 
How  are  we  delivered  from  the  law  1    By  its  dying,  or 

by  our  dying  to  it  ?     ^Jis.  The  true  reading  proba- 
bly is,  "  we  being  dead  in  respect  to  that  by  which 
we  were  formerly  held." 
In  what  sense  were  we  formerly  held  by  the  law  1 
With  what  view  are  we  freed  from  the  law  1 
What  is  meant  by  "serving  in  newness  of  spirit?" 

2  Cor.  3:  6. 
What  is  meant  by  "  oldness  of  the  letter?"  ch.  2:  27. 
2  Cor.  3:  6. 

Doctrines. 
What  is  the  leading  doctrine  of  this  section  1 
How  is  deliverance  from  the  law  effected,^  v.  4.  ch. 
10;  4. 


79 


What  is  the  design  of  redemption  ?  v.  4,  &c. 

What  is  the  effect  of  striving  after  hoHness  in  a   legal 

spuit?  V.  5. 
What  is  the  characteristic  feeling  of  those  who  are  free 

from  the  law  ?  v.  6. 
What  doctrine   concerning  marriage  is  taught  in  vs. 

2,3. 


Remarks. 

What  lesson  does  the  doctrine  of  this  passage  teach  us 

as  to  the  necessity  of  faith  in  Christ  1 
What  is  the  only  evidence  of  union  with  Christ  ?  v.  4. 
What  is  the  nature  of  conversion  ?  v.  6. 
What  caution  is  suggested  by  vs.  2,  3,  as  to  entering 

upon  a  marriage  contract  ? 
On  what  grounds  is  it  right  to  grant  divorces  ? 


CHAP.  7:  7—13. 

■^What  shall  we  say  then  ?  Is  the  law  sin  ?  God 
forbid.  Nay,  I  had  not  known  sin,  but  by  the  law :  for 
I  had  not  known  lust,  except  the  law  had  said.  Thou 
shalt  not  covet.  ^But  sin,  taking  occasion  by  the  com- 
mandment, wrought  in  me  all  manner  of  concupiscence. 
For  without  the  law,  sin  ivas  dead.  ^For  I  was  alive 
without  the  law  once :  but  when  the  commandment 
came,  sin  revived,  and  I  died.  J^And  the  command- 
ment, which  -ivas  ordained  to  life,  I  found  to  be  unto 
death.  i^For  sin,  taking  occasion  by  the  commandment, 
deceived  me,  and  by  it  slew  me.  '^"VVherefore  the  law 
is  holy ;  and  the  commandment  holj'',  and  just,  and  good. 
i^Was  then  that  which  is  good  made  death  unto  me '? 
God  forbid.  But  sin,  that  it  might  appear  sin,  working 
death  in  me  by  that  which  is  good ;  that  sin  by  the 
commandment  might  become  exceeding  sinful. 


80 


Analysis. 

What  is  the  design  of  this  section  ? 
How  is  it  connected  with  the  preceding  passage  ? 
Why  is  deliverance  from  the  law  necessary  >    Is  it  be- 
cause the  law  is  evil  ? 
What  effect  does  the  law  produce  ? 
What  effect  is  ascribed  to  it  in  v.  7  ? 
What  in  V.  8  ? 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  9,  10,  11  ? 
What  inference  is  drawn  in  v.  12? 
What  in  V.  13? 


Commentary. 

(7)  What  is  the  import  of  the  first  question  asked  in 
this  verse  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  question,  "  Is  the  law  sini" 
How  does  Paul  show  that  the  law  is  not  evil  1 
What  two  effects  does  he  ascribe  to  it  1 
How  does  the  law  produce  the  knowledge  of  sin  ? 
What  is  the  force  of  for  here  ? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  lust  to  be  taken  1 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  command,  Thou  shalt  not 
covet  ? 

(8)  In  what  relation  does  this  verse  stand  to  the  pre- 
ceding? Ans.  It  is  part  of  the  answer  to  the  ques- 
tion, Is  the  law  evil? 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  sin  to  be  taken  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  taking  occasion  ?" 
How  are  the  words  by  the  coynmanclment  to  be  con- 
nected ?  compare  vs.  11,  13. 
How  did  sin  work  by  the  commandment  ? 
What  effect  is  here  attributed  to  the  law  ? 
How  does  Paul  show  that  the  law  arouses  sin  ? 
What  is  meant  by  saying  sin  was  dead  ? 

(9)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  9—1 1  ? 


81 


What  does  Paul  mean  by  saying  he  was  alive  without 

the  law  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  commandment  coming  ? 
What  effect  did  the  knowledge  of  the  law  produce  on 

Paul? 
What  does  he  mean  by  saying  sin  revived  ? 
What  is  meant  by  saying  "  I  died  ?" 

(10)  In  what  sense  was  "the  commandment  unto  life  1" 
In  what  sense  was  it  "  unto  death  1" 

(11)  How  is  it  that  the  law  being  good  was  thus  produc- 
tive of  evil  ? 

How  are  the  words  by  the  commandment  to  be  here 

connected  ? 
How  did  sin  deceive  him  by  the  commandment  1 
In  what  sense  did  sin  slay  him  by  the  commandment? 

(12)  What  conclusion  does  Paul  draw  from  this  exhi- 
bition of  the  operation  of  the  law  ] 

How  do  the  words  holy,  just,  oxvAgood,  differ  in  mean- 
ing? 

(13)  How  is  the  law  the  cause  of  evil  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  made  death  unto  me  ?" 
What  was  the  cause  of  death  or  misery  to  the  apostle  ? 
How  did  sin  work  death?     Jlns.  By   means  of  that 

which  is  good,  i.  e.  by  the  law. 
What  was  the  consequence  of  this  ? 
What  is  meant  by  sin  becoming  exceeding  sinful  ? 

Doctrines. 
What  important  doctrine  is  here  taught  respecting  the 

law  ?  vs.  7,  8. 
What  is  taught  respecting  conviction  of  sin  ?  v.  9. 
What  is  taught  of  the  character  of  the  law  in  vs.  9, 12? 
In  what  light  is  the  nature  of  sin  presented  ?  v.  13. 
What  is  the  effect  of  sin  ?  vs.  10—1 3. 


82 


Remarks. 

What  is  the  condition  of  those  who  are  under  the 
bondage  of  a  legal  spirit**  vs.  7 — 13. 

How  ought  the  law  to  be  preached  ?  vs.  7,  8. 

What  instruction  may  be  derived  from  this  passage  as 
to  the  nature  of  evangeUcal  religion  ?  vs.  7,  13. 

In  what  light  does  this  passage  present  self-compla- 
cency 1  vs.  12,  13. 

What  test  of  rehgious  experience  does  the  passage 
afford.? 


CHAP.  7:  14—25. 

i4For  we  know  that  the  law  is  spiritual ;  but  I  am 
carnal,  sold  under  sin.  ^^For  that  which  I  do,  I  allow 
not :  for  what  I  would,  that  do  I  not ;  but  what  I  hate, 
that  do  I.  i^If  then  I  do  that  which  I  would  not,  I 
consent  unto  the  law,  that  it  is  good.  i^JVow  then  it  is 
no  more  I  that  do  it,  but  sin  that  dwelleth  in  me.  i^For 
I  know  that  in  me,  (that  is,  in  my  flesh)  dwelleth  no 
good  thing :  for  to  will  is  present  with  me ;  but  hotv  to 
perform  that  which  is  good  I  find  not.  i^For  the  good 
that  I  would,  I  do  not ;  but  the  evil  which  I  would  not, 
that  I  do.  20Now  if  I  do  that  I  would  not,  it  is  no  more 
I  that  do  it,  but  sin  that  dwelleth  in  me.  ^ij  find  then 
a  law,  that  when  I  would  do  good,  evil  is  present  with 
me.  22For  I  delight  in  the  law  of  God  after  the  inward 
man :  23but  I  see  another  law  in  my  members,  warring 
against  the  law  of  my  mind,  and  bringing  me  into  cap- 
tivity to  the  law  of  sin  which  is  in  my  members.  2jO 
wretched  man  that  I  am  !  who  shall  deliver  me  from  the 
body  of  this  death  ?  23i  thank  God,  through  Jesus  Christ 
our  Lord.  So  then,  with  the  mind  I  myself  serve  the 
law  of  God,  but  with  the  flesh  the  law  of  sin. 


83 


Analysis. 
What  is  the  design  of  tliis  passage  ?     Ans.  To  show 

the  operation  of  the  law  on  the  renewed  mind  in 

order  to  prove  that  it  cannot  produce  holiness. 
Why  cannot  the  law  effect  our  sanctification  }  v.  14. 
What  is  the  nature  of  the  bondage  to  sin  of  which 

Paul  complains  ?  v.  15. 
What  inference  is  drawn  from  the  character  of  this 

bondage  ?  v.  1 6. 
W^hat  other  inference  is  drawn  from  it  in  v.  17  ? 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  18 — 20  1 
What  is  the  conclusion  from  this  exhibition  of  the 

effect  of  the  law?  v.  21. 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  22,  23  ?     Ans.  They  are  an 

explanation  of  v.  21. 
In  what  state  does  the  law  leave  us  ?  v.  24. 
W^here  must  we  look  for  deliverance  ?  v.  25. 

Coinmentary. 

(14)  What  is  the  connexion  between  this  verse  and 
the  preceding? 

What  is  meant  by  the  word  spiritual  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  carnal  ?  compare  8:  5.  Gal.  5: 

19.  John  3:  5,  6. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  sold  under 

sin  r 

(15)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse?  Ans.  To  ex- 
plain the  nature  of  the  bondage  to  sin  spoken  of  in 
V.  14. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  pln-ase  "  I  allow  not  1" 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "what  I  would?" 
What  then  is  the  nature  of  this  bondage  to  sin  ? 
How  does  it  appear  that  a  Christian  can  adopt  the  lan- 
guage of  this  verse  ? 

(16)  What  inference  does  Paul  here  draw  from  what  is 
said  in  v.  15. 


84 


Is  the  law  to  be  blamed  because  it  is  insufficient  for 

sanctification  ? 
What  is  meant  by  consenting  to  the  law  ] 

(17)  Is  the  bondage  of  which  Paul  spoke  in  v.  15 
compatible  with  the  Christian  character  ? 

How  does  it  appear  that  it  is  so  ? 

"What  is  the  force  of  the- words  noiv  then? 

What  is  meant  by  "  sin  that  dwelleth  in  me  1" 

What  is  meant  by  saying,  "  It  is  no  more  I  that  do  it?" 

What  is  the  object  of  the  apostle  in  this  verse  ? 

(18)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  18—20  ? 

Why  is  there  such  a  contradiction  between  the  better 
feelings  of  the  Christian  and  his  conduct  ? 

In  what  sense  does  Paul  say  there  was  no  good  in 
him? 

What  is  meant  by  "  in  my  flesh  1" 

How  does  Paul  illustrate  the  power  of  indwelling  sin  T 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  phrase  "  to  wiU  ?" 

In  what  sense  was  this  present  with  the  apostle  ? 

What  is  it  that  the  apostle  says  he  found  not  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  words  I  find  not? 

(19)  In  what  relation  does  this  verse  stand  to  the  pre- 
ceding ?  Jlns.  It  is  an  illustration  and  confirmation 
of  what  had  just  been  said. 

In  what  sense  is  the  expression  "  I  would"  to  be  taken 
here  ?  compare  v.  15  or  18. 

(20)  What  conclusion  is  here  drawn  from  v.  19  ? 
compare  v.  17. 

(21)  What  then  is  the  real  state  of  the  Christian  as 
described  in  this  verse  ? 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  laxu  to  be  taken  here  ? 
What  law  did  Paul  find  himself  subject  to  ? 

(22)  What  is  the  design  of  verses  22,  23  >  Ans.  They 
are  an  explanation  of  v.  21. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  I  delight  in  the  lawl" 


85 


What  is  meant  by  the  inward  man  ?  compare  vs.  23, 25, 
and  the  similar  passages,  ch.  8:  13.  Gal.  5:  17. 

(23)  What  is  meant  by  the  law  in  the  members  } 
To  what  is  this  law  opposed  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  law  of  the  mind  ? 
What  is  the  result  of  this  conflict  > 
What  is  meant  by  the  law  of  sm  ? 

(24)  What  effect  did  this  conflict  produce  on  the 
apostle  ? 

From  what  did  he  desire  to  be  delivered  > 
What  is  meant  by  body  of  death  r* 
Why  is  sin  so  called "? 

(25)  By  whom  is  the  deliverance  of  the  believer  from 
sm  effected  ? 

In  what  condition  does  the  law  leave  the  Christian  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  with  the  mind  ?" 
What  is  meant  by  "  with  the  flesh  1" 

Doctrines. 

Is  the  latter  part  of  this  chapter  to  be  considered  as  de- 
scriptive of  the  experience  of  a  believer  1 

What  argument  in  favour  of  the  affirmative  of  this 
question  may  be  derived  fi-om  the  use  of  the  first 
person  tlnoughout  the  passage  1 

Is  there  any  thing  here  asserted  inconsistent  with 
Christian  experience  1 

Is  there  nothing  inconsistent  with  the  scriptural  account 
of  unrenewed  men?  see  vs.  15,  16,  22,  25. 

What  argument  may  be  derived  from  the  parallel  pas- 
sage, Gal.  5:  17,  18. 

What  argument  can  be  derived  from  the  context  ? 

What  doctrine  as  to  the  perfection  of  Christians  in  this 
life  is  here  taught  1 

In  what  light  is  the  law  of  God  to  be  viewed  1 

Wliat  effect  has  the  mere  exliibition  of  truth  on  the 
heart  .-* 


86 

How  is  inability  consistent  with  accountableness  1  v. 

18.  Gal.  5:  17. 
Are  the  emotions  and  affections  under  the  control  of 

the  will?  vs.  16,  18,  19,21. 
How  is  victory  over  sin  to  be  obtained  .^ 

Reinarks. 

What  test  of  Christian  character  is  afforded  by  this 

passage  } 
In  what  Ught  does  this  passage  present  the  power  and 

evil  of  sin  i* 
Can  the  power  of  sin  be  urged  as  an  excuse  for  the 


sinner 


What  effect  does  the  consciousness  of  his  sinfulness 
produce  on  the  Christian  ? 


CHAPTER    VIII. 

What  is  the  theme  of  this  chapter  }     Ans.  The  secu'- 

rity  of  believers. 
What  ai-gument  to  prove  this  point  is  presented  in  vsr 

1 — 4  }     Ans.  They  are  delivered  from  the  law. 
What   argument   is   presented   in   vs.   5 — 1 1  ?     Ans. 

They  are  already  possessed  of  the  Holy  Spirit  who  is 

the  author  of  life. 
What  is  the  third  argument  1  vs.  12 — 17.     Ans.  They 

are  children  and  heirs  of  God. 
What  is  the  fourth  ?  vs.  18 — 28.     Ans.  Afflictions  are- 

not  inconsistent  with  their  filial  relation  to  God. 
What  is  the  fifth  1  vs.  29—30.     Ans.  They  are  pre- 
destinated to  eternal  life. 
Whence  is  the  fifth  derived  1  vs.  31 — 34^     Ans.  FroiE' 

the  gift  of  the  Son  of  God. 


87 

What  is  the  sixth?  vs.  35—39.  Ans.  The  unchange- 
able love  of  God. 

CHAP.  8:  1—11. 

1  There  is,  therefore,  now  no  condemnation  to  them 
which  are  in  Christ  Jesus,  who  walk  not  after  the  flesh 
but  after  the  Spirit,  spor  the  law  of  the  Spirit  of  life 
in  Christ  Jesus  hath  made  me  free  from  the  law  of  sin 
and  death.  ^For  what  the  law  could  not  do,  in  that  it 
was  weak  through  the  flesh,  God,  sending  his  own  Son 
in  the  likeness  of  sinful  flesh,  and  for  sin,  condemned 
sin  in  the  flesh;  -^that  the  righteousness  of  the  law  might 
be  fulfilled  in  us,  who  walk  not  after  the  flesh,  but  after 
the  Spirit,  spor  they  that  are  after  the  flesh,  do  mind 
the  things  of  the  flesh  ;  but  they  that  are  after  the  Spirit, 
the  things  of  the  Spirit.  ^Por  to  be  carnally  minded  is 
death ;  but  to  be  spiritually  minded  is  Ufe  and  peace : 
''because  the  carnal  mind  is  enmity  against  God  ;  for  it 
is  not  subject  to  the  law  of  God,  neither  indeed  can  be. 
?So  then  they  that  are  in  the  flesh  cannot  please  God. 
9But  ye  are  not  in  the  flesh,  but  in  the  Spirit,  if  so  be 
that  the  Spirit  of  God  dwell  in  you.  Now  if  any  man 
have  not  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  he  is  none  of  his.  loAnd 
if  Clurist  be  in  you,  the  body  is  dead  because  of  sin  ; 
but  the  Spirit  is  life  because  of  righteousness.  I'But  if 
the  Spirit  of  him  that  raised  up  Jesus  from  the  dead 
dwell  in  you,  he  that  raised  up  Christ  from  the  dead 
shall  also  quicken  your  mortal  bodies  by  his  Spirit  that 
dwelleth  in  you, 

A7iali/sis. 

What  is  the  position  assumed  in  v.  1  ? 

What  reason  is  assigned  in  v.  2  for  the  safety  of  be- 
lievers ] 

How  has  the  deliverance  of  the  believer  from  the  law 
been  effected  i*  vs.  3,  4. 


88 


What  argument  is  presented  in  the  following  verses  1 
How  does  Paul  show  in  vs.  5 — 7  that  the  indwelUng  of 

the  Spirit  is  connected  with  life  ? 
How  does  he  show  that  to  be  carnally  minded  is  death  ] 
What  inference  is  drawn  from  these  premises  in  vs. 

9—11. 

Commentary. 

(1)  Whence  is  the  conclusion  indicated  by  the  word 
therefore  drawn  ? 

What  is  the  force  here  of  the  word  noiv  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  there  is  no  con- 
demnation?" 

To  whom  is  there  no  condemnation  ] 

What  is  meant  by  in  Christ?  2  Cor.  5:  17.  John  15:  4. 
1  John  2:  5. 

In  what  relation  does  the  second  clause  of  this  verse 
stand  to  the  first  ? 

What  is  meant  by  walking  after  the  flesh  ? 

What  is  meant  by  walking  after  the  Spirit  r* 

(2)  Why  is  there  no  condemnation  to  believers? 
What  is  meant  by  the  law  of  the  Spirit  of  hfe  7 

Is  the  gospel  elsewhere  called  a  lato  ?  see  ch.  3:  27. 

Why  is  it  said  to  be  of  the  Spirit  ? 

Why  is  the  Spirit  called  the  Spirit  of  life  ? 

How  are  the  words  in  Christ  Jesus  to  be  connected  and 

explained  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  law  of  sin  and  death  ] 
Why  is  the  law  of  God  so  called  ?  see  ch.  7:  .5,  13. 
In  what  sense  is  the  believer  freed  from  the  law  % 

(3)  Why  is  it  necessary  that  he  should  be  thus  freed  } 
Why  is  the  law  inadequate  to  effect  our  salvation  ? 
What  is  meant  by  its  bemg  weak  through  the  flesh  > 
How  is  the  end  which  the  law  could  not  attain  accom- 
plished } 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  his  o-wn  Son  ? 


89  .     ' 

How  did  God  send  his  Son  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  Ukeness  of  sinful  flesh  ? 

What  does  the  phrase  "  for  sin"  mean  ]  ^ns.  As  a  sac- 
rifice for  sin,  Heb,  10:  6.  Ps.  40:  6. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  he  condemned 
sin?" 

What  do  the  words  in  thejlesh  here  mean? 

(4)  What  was  the  immediate  design  of  the  sacrifice  of 
Christ  ] 

What  does  the  righteousness  of  the  law  mean  ] 
How  are  the  demands  of  the  law  fulfilled  in  us  ]  com- 
pare 2  Cor.  5:  21. 
What  is  the  design  of  the  latter  clause  of  this  verse  T 

(5)  What  is  the  mimediate  object  of  this  and  the  fol- 
lowing verses  } 

What  is  the  force  of  the  word  for  here  }     Ans.  We 

must  walk  after  the  Spirit,  for  those  who  walk  after 

the  flesh,  &c. 
What  is  meant  by  being  after  the  flesh? 
What  is  meant  by  mmding  the  tilings  of  the  flesh  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  other  phrases  "  they  who 

are  after  the  Spirit,"  and  "  mind  the  things  of  the 

Spirit?" 

(6)  What  is  the  force  of  for  in  this  verse  ? 
What  is  meant  by  being  cai-nally  minded  ?  see  v.  5. 
What  is  the  consequence  of  this  state  of  mind  ? 
What  is  meant  by  death  ? 

What  is  meant  by  being  spiritually  minded  ?  see  v.  5. 
W  hat  is  the  consequence  of  this  state  of  mind  } 
What  is  meant  by  life  and  peace  ?  compare  v.  13. 

(7)  Why  is  death  the  consequence  of  being  carnally 
minded? 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  carnal  mind?  see  vs.  5,  6. 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression   "enmity  against 
God?" 


90 

Why  is  the  carnal  mind  an  object  of  the  divine  dis- 
pleasure i* 

"What  is  meant  by  its  not  being  subject  to  the  law  of 
God? 

Why  can  it  not  be  thus  subject  1 

(8)  What  consequence  does  Paul  here  deduce  from  the 
preceding  verses  ] 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  cannot  please  God  ?" 

(9)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  9 — 1 1 1 
How  are  Christians  here  described  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  Spirit  of  God  dwelling  in  them  ? 

compare  Eph.  2:  22.  1  Cor.  3;  16.  6:  19. 
In  what  sense  are  the  words  Spirit  of  Christ  to  be  here 

understood  1 
Why  is  the  Holy  Ghost  called  the  Spirit  of  Christ  ?  see 

John  3:  34.  Acts  10:  38,  and  John  1:  33.  15:  26,  &c. 
What  does  Paul  say  of  those  who  have  not  the  Spirit 

of  Christ  •? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  if  Christ  be  in  you?" 

(10)  What  consequence  does  Paul  say  follows  if  Christ 
is  in  us  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  the  body  is  dead 

because  of  sin  ?" 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  bodif  to  be  taken  ?  see  v.  11. 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  spiiit,  in  the  next  clause,  to 

be  understood  ? 
What  is  meant  by  saying  "  the  soul  is  life  because  of 

righteousness  ?" 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  righteousness  to  be  here 

taken  ? 

(11)  What  farther  consequence  follows  from  the  in- 
dwelling of  the  Spirit  ? 

How  is  God  here  described] 
Why  is  he  thus  described? 

What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  shall  quicken  your  mor- 
tal bodies  1 
How  shall  our  mortal  bodies  be  quickened  ] 


91 


Doctrines. 

What  doctrines,  taught  m  the  previous  part  of  the 
epistle,  are  repeated  in  vs.  1,  3,  41 

What  arguments  for  the  final  salvation  of  believers  are 
contained  in  this  passage  i* 

What  arguments  for  the  divinity  of  Christ  are  contained 
in  vs.  3,  9,  11? 

What  doctrine  respecting  Clnist  is  taught  in  v.  3  ? 

How  is  the  justification  of  beUevers  secured  ]  v.  4. 

What  do  vs.  5 — 1 1  teach  in  reference  to  Antinoniianisml 

What  is  taught  in  v.  6  respecting  the  necessity  of  ho- 
liness :* 

In  what  state  do  vs.  6,  8,  represent  unrenewed  men  as 
being? 

What  do  vs.  5 — 8  teach  as  to  the  source  of  all  good  in 
man? 

How  does  it  appear  that  the  redemption  of  Christ  ex- 
tends to  the  bodies  of  behevers  } 

Remarks. 

In  what  light  ought  we  to  view  union  with  Christ  ? 
W  hat  is  the  nature  of  the  liberty  wherewith  Christ  hath 

made  us  free  ?  vs.  2,  5. 
In  what  state  of  mind  ought  Christians  to  be  in  view  of 

this  liberty  ?  vs.  4 — 8. 
What  test  of  character  is  presented  in  v.  5  ? 
Why  is  misery  always  connected  with  sin  ?  vs.  6,  7. 
Why  are  the  guilt  and  danger  of  those  described  in 

vs.  7,  8,  so  great? 
What  is  the  great  distinction  of  the  Christian  ? 
What  effect  ought  the  belief  that  the  Holy  Spirit  dwells 

in  us  to  produce  1 
How  ought  we  to  regard  our  bodies  1  v.  11. 


92 


CHAP.  8:  12—28. 

i2Therefore,  brethren,  we  are  debtors,  not  to  the  flesh, 
to  live  after  the  flesh.  i^For  if  ye  live  after  the  flesh, 
ye  shall  die ;  but  if  ye  through  the  Spirit  do  mortify  the 
deeds  of  the  body,  ye  shall  live.  i-^For  as  many  as  are 
led  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  they  are  the  sons  of  God.  i^For 
ye  have  not  received  the  Spirit  of  bondage  agam,  to 
fear;  but  ye  have  received  the  Spirit  of  adoption,  where- 
by we  cry,  Abba,  Father.  i^-The  Spirit  itself  beareth 
.  witness  with  our  spirit,  that  we  are  the  children  of  God : 
i^and  if  children,  then  heirs;  heirs  of  God,  and  joint- 
heirs  with  Clu-ist ;  if  so  be  that  we  suftcr  with  him,  that 
we  may  be  also  glorified  together.  i-For  I  reckon  that 
the  sufferings  of  this  present  time  are  not  worthy  to  be 
cotnpared  with  the  glory  which  shall  be  revealed  in  us. 
!•  For  the  earnest  expectation  of  the  creature  waiteth  for 
the  manifestation  of  the  sons  of  God.  2opor  the  crea- 
ture was  made  sulyect  to  vanity,  not  willingly,  but  by- 
reason  of  him  who  hath  subjected  the  same  in  hope ; 
2'because  the  creature  itself  also  shall  be  delivered  from 
the  bondage  of  corruption  into  the  glorious  liberty  of 
the  children  of  God.  -^Yor  we  know  that  the  whole 
creation  groancth  and  travaileth  in  pain  together  until 
now.  23 And  not  only  they,  but  ourselves  also,  which 
have  the  first-fruits  of  the  Spirit,  even  we  ourselves 
groan  within  ourselves,  waiting  for  the  adoption,  to  ivit, 
the  redemption  of  our  body.  ^^Yov  we  are  saved  by 
hope :  but  hope  that  is  seen,  is  not  hope :  for  what  a  man 
seeth  what  doth  he  yet  hope  for  ?  ^oB^^t  jf  ^ye  hope  for 
that  we  see  not,  then  do  v/e  with  patience  wait  for  it. 
26Likewise  the  Spirit  also  helpeth  our  infirmities :  for  we 
know  not  what  we  should  pray  for  as  we  ought;  but  the 
Spirit  itself  maketh  intercession  for  us  with  groanings 
which  cannot  be  uttered.  27 And  he  that  searcheth  the 
hearts  knoweth  what  is  the  mind  of  the  Spirit,  because 
he  maketh  intercession  for  the  saints  according  to  the 


93 

will  of  God.  ssAnd  we  know  that  all  things  work  to- 
gethei  for  good  to  them  that  love  God,  to  them  who  are 
the  called  according  to  his  purpose. 

Analysis. 
What  two  additional  arguments  in  favour  of  the  safety 

of  believers  does  this  section  contain?  vs.  12 — 17 

and  vs.  18—28. 
What  inference  as  to  the  duty  of  believers  is  drawn  in 

v.  12  1 
What  motive  for  obedience  is  presented  in  v.  13  ? 
What  ground  of  confidence  that  beUevers  shall  Uve  is 

presented  in  v.  14? 
How  is  the  sonship  of  believers  proved  in  vs.  15,  16  ? 
What  inference  is  drawn  in  v.  17  from  the  fact  that 

beUevers  are  the  sons  of  God  1 
How  does  the  apostle  show  that  the  sufferings  of  Chris- 
tians ai-e  not  inconsistent  with  their  being  the  sons  of 

God? 
W^hat  is  the  special  design  of  vs.  18 — 23  ? 
How  are  beUevers  sustained  under  their  afflictions  ?  vs. 

24,  25,  and  vs.  26—28. 

Commentarii. 

(12)  Whence  is  the  inference  contained  in  this  verse 
drawn  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  debtors  to  the  fleshl" 

(13)  How  does  Paul  enforce  the  necessity  of  Uving 
after  the  Spirit  1 

What  will  be  the  consequence  of  Uving  after  the  flesh  ? 

What  is  meant  by  mortifying  the  deeds  of  the  body] 

What  is  intended  by  "  deeds  of  the  body  ?" 

How  is  the  destruction  of  sin  to  be  effected  ? 

What  wiU  be  the  consequence  of  the  mortification  of  sin? 

(14)  What  is  the  force  of  for  at  the  beginning  of  tliis 
verse  ? 


94 


What  is  meant  by  being  led  by  the  Spirit  of  God  ? 
In  what  sense  are  believers  the  sons  of  God  ?     Matt.  5: 
9,  45.  Rom.  9:  26.  John  1:  12.  1  John  3:  2. 

(15)  How  does  Paul  prove  that  believers  are  the  sons 
of  God? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  spirit  of  bondage  ?" 

W' hat  is  the  force  of  the  expression  "  again  to  fear  }" 

What  is  meant  by  the  spirit  of  adoption  1 

How  does  this  spirit  manifest  itself."* 

What  does  the  word  ^bba  mean  ? 

Why  are  the  words  Abba  and  Father  both  nsed  } 

(16)  What  evidence  of  adoption  is  referred  to  in  this 
verse  ? 

What  is  meant  by  "the  Spirit  itself?" 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  beareth  witness 

with  our  Spirit?" 
To  what  does  the  Spirit  thus  bear  witness  ? 
What  is  the  nature  of  this  testimony  of  the  Spirit  ?  see 

ch.  5:  5.  2  Cor.  1:  22.  Eph.  1:  13. 

(17)  What  inference  does  Paul  draw  from  our  adoption? 
What  is  meant  by  being  heirs  of  God  ?  sec  Gal.  3:  29. 

4:  7.  Col.  3:  24. 
In  what  sense  are  Christians  joint  heirs  with  Christ? 

Matt.  25:  21.  Rev.  3:21. 
How  are  Christians  said  to  suffer  with  Christ  ? 

(18)  What  is  the  force  of  for  at  the  beginning  of  this 
verse  ? 

How  does  Paul  show  that  the  sufferings  of  Christians 
are  not  inconsistent  with  their  adoption  ? 

What  renders  these  suflerings  insignificant  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  glory  that  shall  be  revealed  in  us] 
2  Cor.  4:  17.  Eph.  3:  10. 

(19)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  19—23  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  earnest  expectation  of  the  crea- 
ture? 
For  what  does  the  creation  thus  earnestly  wait  ? 


95 


What  is  meant  by  the  manifestation  of  the  sons  of  God? 
1  John  3:  2. 

(20)  Why  does  the  creature  thus  anxiously  wait  1 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  vanity  to  be  understood } 

Ps.  26:  4.  Eph.  4:  1 7. 
How  came  the  creature  to  be  thus  subject  to  frailty  and 

corruption  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  not  willingly  ?" 
How  is  the  clause  "by  reason  of  him  that  subjected  the 

same"  to  be  understood  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  words  in  hope? 

(21)  How  does  Paul  show  that  this  subjection  is  not 
hopeless  ? 

From  what  is  the  creation  to  be  delivered  } 
Into  what  state  is  it  to  be  introduced  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  glorious  liberty  of  the  children 
of  God? 

(22)  With  what  is  this  verse  to  be  connected  ? 
In  what  state  is  the  creation  here  represented  ? 
What  is  the  force  of  the  word  together  ? 
What  is  the  force  of  the  words  imtil  noiv  P 

(23)  Whom  does  Paul  represent  as  joining  with  the 
whole  creation  in  its  sense  of  present  bondage  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  first  fruits  of  the  Spirit?  Eph.  1; 

14. 
Why  are  the  present  mfluences  of  the  Spirit  called  first 

fruits,  or  earnest  ? 
Who  are  intended  by  the  expression  "  even  we  our 

selves  ?" 
For  what  do  Christians  so  anxiously  wait? 
What  is  meant  by  the  adoption  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  redemption  of  the  body  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  creature  in  this  passage  ? 
In  what  sense  can  the  iiTational  creation  be  said  to  long 

for  the  manifestation  of  the  sons  of  God  ?  compare 

Is.  55:  12. 


96 


In  what  sense  is  the  irrational  creature  subject  to  vani- 
ty r  Gen.  3:  1 7.  Is.  24:  6. 

How  can  the  creation  be  said  to  share  in  the  Uberty  of 
the  sons  of  God  ]  Is.  35:  1.  29:  17.  2  Peter  3:  7—13. 

How  does  the  passage,  according  to  this  interpretation,, 
bear  on  the  apostle's  argument  ? 

(24)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  24,  25  ] 

What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  v.  23  >  Ans.. 
Believers  wait  for  the  adoption,  because  salvation  is 
not  a  present,  but  a  future  good. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  we  are  saved 
by  (ill)  hope  >""  Ans.  Salvation  is  yet  only  in  pros- 
pect. 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  hope  used  in  the  next  clause  } 
Col.  1:  5.  Heb.  6:  18. 

What  is  the  design  of  the  latter  clause  of  the  verse  1 

(25)  What  conclusion  is  drawn  in  this  verse  from  the 
fact  that  salvation  is  yet  future  ? 

How  do  believers  wait  for  salvation  ? 

What  is  there  in  the  nature  of  hope  to  produce  patience.'* 

(26)  What  is  the  force  of  the  words  not  only  so  ? 
What  other  present  support  besides  hope  has  the  be- 
liever 1 

What  is  meant  by  the  Spirit's  helping  our  infirmities  ? 
What  example  of  the  aid  of  the  Spirit  does  the  apostle 

give"? 
AVhy  is  it  necessary  that  the  Spirit  should  teach  us  how 

to  pray  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  Spirit's  making  intercession  for 

usf*     John  14:  26.  15:  26.  16:  7. 
What  is  intended  by  the  phrase  "  groanings  that  cannot 

be  uttered  .^" 

(27)  To  whom  are  these  inward  desires  known  1 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  knotv  here  used?     Ps.  1:  6. 
What  is  meant  by  the  mind  of  the  Spirit  % 
Why  do  the  feelings  excited  by  the  Spirit  secure  the 
approbation  of  God  .•* 


97 


(28)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  r* 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  all  ^Am^^in  this  verse? 

For  whose  good  shall  these  things  work  together  ? 

How  are  Christians  here  described  ] 

What  is  meant  by  their  being  called?  see  1  Cor.  1;  24. 

Jude  1;  i,  &c. 
What  is  the  foundation  of  this  call?  2  Tim.  1:  9.  Eph. 

1;  11. 
What  is  meant  by  the  purpose  of  God  ? 

Doctrines. 

What  is  taught  in  v.  14  as  to  the  relation  of  believers 

to  God  1 
In  what  relation  does  God  stand  to  believers?  v.  15. 
What  is  taught  respecting  assurance  in  v.  16] 
In  what  light  are  afflictions  presented  in  vs.  17 — 25] 
What  view  is  presented  in  vs.  19 — 23  of  the  future 

blessedness  of  believers  ? 
What  is  taught  in  v.  23  respecting  the  influences  of 

the  Spirit  ? 
In  what  light  is  hope  presented  in  v.  24  ? 
What  is  taught  respecting  the  Holy  Spirit  in  v.  26  1 
What  is  taught  as  to  the  nature  of  acceptable  prayer  in 

V.  27? 
What  is  taught  respecting  the  conversion  of  men  in.  v. 

28? 


Remarks. 

What  duty  is  enjoined  in  vs.  12,  13  ? 

What  criterion  of  Christian  character  is  given  in  v.  15? 

By  what  kind  of  a  spirit  is  true  religion  characterized  } 
V.  15. 

What  is  the  duty  of  Christians  as  it  regards  the  assu- 
rance of  salvation  ? 

In  what  Ught  ought  Christians  to  regard  afflictions  T 
vs.  17,  18. 

I 


98 

In  what  view  should  the  doctrine  taught  in  vs.  19 — 23 

lead  us  to  look  on  the  present  life  1 
In  what  way  do  Christians  regard  the  things  of  heaven! 

V.  22. 
What  effect  ought  the  hope  of  heaven  to  produce  on  usi 

vs.  24,  -25. 
How  ought  we  to  regard  the  Holy  Spirit?  vs.  26,  27. 
What  ground  of  confidence  is  presented  in  v.  28  1 


CHAP.  8:  29—39. 

29For  whom  he  did  foreknow,  he  also  did  predestinate 
to  be  conformed  to  the  image  of  his  Son,  that  he  might 
be  the  first-born  among  many  brethren.  30Moreover, 
whom  he  did  predestinate,  them  he  also  called :  and 
whom  he  called,  them  he  also  justified :  and  whom  he 
justified,  them  he  also  glorified.  -^^What  shall  we  then 
say  to  these  things  1  If  God  be  for  us,  who  can  be 
against  us  1  ^-He  that  spared  not  his  own  Son,  but  de- 
livered liim  up  for  us  all,  how  shall  he  not  with  him 
also  freely  give  us  all  things!  33\Yiio  shall  lay  any 
thing  to  the  charge  of  God's  elect  1  It  is  God  that  jus- 
tifieth.  3^  Who  is  he  that  condemneth  ?  It  is  Christ  that 
died,  yea  rather,  that  is  risen  again,  who  is  even  at  the 
right  hand  of  God,  who  also  maketh  intercession  for  usi 
35 Who  shall  separate  us  from  the  love  of  Christ  1  Srhall 
tribulation,  or  distress,  or  persecution,  or  famine,  or  na- 
kedness, or  peril,  or  sword  1  ^^As  it  is  written.  For  thy 
sake  we  are  killed  all  the  day  long ;  we  are  accounted  as 
sheep  for  the  slaughter.  3'IVay,  in  all  these  things  we? 
are  more  than  conquerors,  through  him  that  loved  us. 
3*For  I  am  persuaded,  that  neither  death,  nor  life,  nor 
angels,  nor  principalities,  nor  powers,  nor  things  pre- 
sent, nor  things  to  come,  39nor  height,  nor  depth,  nor 
any  other  creature,  shall  be  able  to  separate  us  from  the 
love  of  God,  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord. 


«t 


99 


Anal'gsis. 

What  arguments  in  favour  of  the  safety  of  believers  are 
presented  in  this  section'?  vs.  29^  30,  and  21 — 29. 

On  what  principle  does  Paul's  first  argument  depend  1 
Jlns.  On  the  unchangeableness  of  the  divine  pur- 
poses. 

What  is  the  foundation  of  the  second  argument }  vs. 
31 — 34.  Ans.  The  greatness  and  constancy  of  the 
love  of  God. 

What  conclusion  is  drawn  from  all  these  arguments  in 
vs.  35—39  1 

Coimnentary. 

(29)  What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  the  pre- 
ceding one } 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  forehnow  to  be  here  under- 
stood? see  ch.  11:  2.  1  Peter  1:  20;  compare  Acts 
2:  23.   1  Peter  1:  2. 

What  is  the  next  step,  in  the  order  of  salvation,  after 
the  selection  of  the  objects  of  mercy  1 

What  is  meant  by  predestination  }  compare  Acts  4:  28, 
Eph.  1:  5,  11.  1  Cor.  2:  7. 

To  what  are  believers  predestinated  1 

In  what  respects  are  they  to  be  like  Christ  1  see  Eph. 
1:  4,  5.   1  Cor.  15:  49.  Phil.  3:  21. 

In  what  relation  does  Christ  stand  to  believers  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  here  of  the  term  Jirst-born  ?  Ps. 
89:  27.  Col.  1:  15. 

(30)  What  is  the  next  step  in  the  order  of  our  salva- 
tion? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "he  called?"  see  v. 

28.  1  Cor.  1:  24.  7:  15,  18.  Heb.  9:  15.  - 
What  blessings  are  certauily  consequent  on  our  being 

thus  called  1 
What  is  meant  here  by  the  terms  justified  and  gloTi" 
fied? 


*# 


100 

(31)  What  is  the  import  of  the  first  question  in  this 
verse  ? 

What  is  the  argument  in  this  verse  for  the  security  of 

behevers  1 
What  is  included  in  the  declaration  that  God  is  for  us  > 

(32)  To  what  manifestation  of  the  love  of  God  does 
the  apostle  here  refer  ? 

What  inference  does  he  draw  from  the  fact  that  God 

has  given  his  Son  for  us  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  his  own  Son?" 

see  ch.  1:  4.  Heb.  1:  5. 
To  what  did  God  deliver  his  Son"?  Is.  53:  6. 
For  whom  was  he  thus  delivered "? 
What  is  here  intended  by  the  all  things  which  God 

will  give  us  ] 

(33)  What  is  the  design  of  this   and  the  following 
verse  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  question  here  asked  ? 
Who  are  intended  by  God's  elect  >  Matt.  24:  22.  Col. 

3:  12.  Tit.  1:  1.   1  Peter  1:  2. 
Why  can  notliing  be  laid  to  the  charge  of  God's  elect } 

(34)  What  is  the  purport  of  the  question  here  asked  1 
Why  cannot  believers  be  condemned  ] 

How  does  Christ's  death  secure  their  justification  ] 
How  does  his  resurrection  secure  the  same  end  1  see  ch. 

4:  25.  Acts  17:  31.  Heb.  4:  14.  7:  25. 
What  is  meant  by  Christ's  being  at  the  right  hand  of 

God]  Ps.  110:  1.  Eph.  1:  20.  Rev.  3:  21. 
What  farther  ground  of  confidence  is  presented  in  this 

verse  1 
What  is  meant  by  Christ's  making  intercession  for  us  1 

see  V.  26.  Heb.  9:  24.  1  John  2:  1. 

(35)  What  ground  of  confidence  is  presented  in  this 
verse  ? 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  love  of  Christ  ?" 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  latter  part  of  this  verse  ? 

(36)  With  what  view  does  Paul  quote  Ps.  44:  22  ? 


101 

(37)  With  what  is  this  verse  to  be  connected  1 

What  is  meant  by  our  being  more  than  conquerors  ? 

To  whom  are  we  indebted  for  this  victory  ? 

(38,  39)  What  is  the  design  of  these  verses  ? 

What  is  it  that  Paul  says  nothing  can  accompHsh  1 

What  is  meant  by  life  and  death  here  ? 

In  what  sense  are  the  terms  angels,  principalities  and 
powers  to  be  here  understood]  see  Eph.  1:  21.  Col. 
1:  16. 

What  does  the  clause  "neither  things  present,  nor 
things  to  come"  mean  1 

In  what  sense  are  the  words  height  and  depth  to  be  un- 
derstood 1 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  nor  anv  other  crea- 
ture 1" 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  love  of  Godi 

Through  whom  is  this  love  exercised  } 

jDoctri7ies. 

What  doctrine,  is  taught  as  to  election  and  predestina- 
tion in  V.  29  > 

What  is  taught  as  to  the  perseverance  of  believers  in  v. 
30? 

What  is  the  evidence  of  our  election  1  vs.  29,  30. 

What  is  the  proper  ground  of  the  confidence  of  final 
pardon?  vs.  31—39. 

On  what  should  our  hope  of  acceptance  with  God  rest  ? 
V.  34. 

In  what  hght  ought  trials  and  aflSictions  to  be  viewed  ? 
V.  35. 

In  what  relation  do  all  created  things  stand  to  the  Chris- 
tian 1  vs.  29—38. 

Whgit  is  taught  of  the  love  of  God  in  this  passage  ? 


102 


Remarks. 
How  does  the  plan  of  redemption  tend  at  once  to  pro- 
duce confidence   and  to  repress   presumption  1    vs. 

29—39. 
How  are  the  Christian  graces  mutually  connected  ?  vs. 

29,  30. 
In  what  relation  do  Christians  stand  to  Christ,  and  to 

each  other  ?  v.  29. 
In  what  light  do  vs.  30 — 39  place  want  of  confidence 

in  God  ? 
How  ought  the  wonderful  love  of  Christ  to  affect  us  1 

v.  32. 
How  can  despondency  be  most  eiFectually  prevented  ] 

V.  34. 
What  is  the  practical  effect  which  the  doctrine  of  this 

whole  chapter  ought  to  produce  on  us  1 


CHAPTERS  IX.  X.  XI. 

What  subject  does  Paul  enter  upon  in  this  chapter  ? 

Ans.  The  calling  of  the  Gentiles,  and  the  rejection 

of  the  Jews. 
How  far  does  the  consideration  of  this  subject  extend  > 

Ans.  To  the  end  of  the  1 1th  chapter. 
What  is  his  object  in  the  first  part  of  the  9th  ?     Ans. 

To  show  that  God  can  consistently  call  the  Gentiles, 

vs.  1—24. 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  25—29  ?     Ans.  To  show 

that  such  was  his  revealed  purpose. 
What   annunciation  is   made   in  vs.  30 — 33 1     Ans. 

That  the  Gentiles  are  called  and  the  Jews  rejected. 
What  is  the  design  of  ch.  10  ?     Ans.  To  show  the 

necessity  of  the  rejection  of  the  Jews,  and  the  pro- 
priety of  extending  the  preaching  of  the  gospel  to  all 

nations. 
What  is  the  design  of  ch.  11  ?     Ans.  To  show  that 

the  rejection  of  the  Jews  is  neither  total  nor  final. 


103 


CHAPTER    IX. 


What  is  the  design  of  vs.  1 — 5  ? 

How  does  the  apostle  prove  his  doctrine  respecting  the 

calling  of  the  Gentiles,  in  vs.  6 — 24  ^ 
What  argument  is  presented  in  vs.  25 — 29  i* 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  30—33  ? 


CHAP.  9:  1—5. 

Jl  say  the  truth  in  Christ,  I  Ue  not,  my  conscience 
also  bearing  me  witness  in  the  Holy  Ghost,  ^that  I  have 
great  heaviness  and  continual  sorrow  in  my  heart.  ^For 
I  could  wish  that  myself  were  accursed  from  Christ  for 
my  brethren,  my  kinsmen  according  to  the  flesh :  ^who 
are  IsraeUtes ;  to  whom  pertaineth  the  adoption,  and  the 
glory,  and  the  covenants,  and  the  giving  of  the  law,  and 
the  service  of  God,  and  the  promises;  ^whose  are  the 
fathers,  and  of  whom,  as  concerning  the  flesh,  Christ 
came,  who  is  over  all,  God  blessed  for  ever.    Amen. 

Analysis. 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  I — 3  ] 
What  is  the  apostle's  object  in  vs.  4,  5  ? 

Commentary. 

(1)  How  are  the  words  in  Christ  to  be  understood  }  see 
ch.  16:  3,  7.  1  Cor  7:  39.  Rom  16:  22.  Phil.  2:  1. 

Why  does  Paul  use  both  expressions  "  I  say  the  truth," 
and  "  I  lie  not?"  see  Is.  38:  1.  John  1:  20. 

To  what  does  Paul  say  his  conscience  bore  witness  ? 

How  are  the  words  in  the  Holy  Ghost  to  be  connected 
and  explained  > 


104 

(2)  What  is  it  that  Paul  so  solemnly  asserts  ? 

(3)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  accursed  or  anathe- 
ma P  see  Lev.  27:  28,  29.  Deut.  7:  26.  Joshua  6:  17. 
Acts  23:  14.  1  Cor.  12:  3.  16:  22.  Gal.  1:  8,  9. 
What  is  the  force  of  the  words /ro?n  Christ  1 
What  is  the  meamng  of  the  expression  "  I  could  wish  1" 
For  whom  does  Paul  express  this  strong  affection  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  according  to   the 
fesh? 

(4)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  4,  5? 

What  is  the  import  of  the  term  Israelites  ?  see  Gen. 

32:  28.  Hos.  12;  3. 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  adoption  to  be  understood  ? 

Ex.  4;  22.  Deut.  14:  1. 
What  is  meant  by  the  glory?  see  Ex.  29:  43.  1  Kings 

8:  11.  Is.  6:  4. 
What  is  meant  by  the  covenants?     Gal.  3:  16,  17. 

Eph.  2:  12. 
What  is  meant  by  "  the  giving  of  the  law?" 
What  is  meant  by  the  service  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  promises  ?     Gal  3:  16. 

(5)  What  other  privileges  are  here  referred  to  .'* 

Who  are  intended  by  the  fathers  ? 

What  is  the  antecedent  of  the  relative  ivhom  here  ? 

In  what  sense  was  Christ  a  descendant  of  the  Israelites,^ 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  as  to  the  flesh  V* 

In  what  other  view  is  Christ  here  presented  > 

Who  is  said  to  be  over  all  ? 

What  is  meant  by  that  expression  ?  Eph.  4:  6. 

Who  is  called  "God  blessed  for  ever?" 

How  can  it  be  proved  that  this  refers  to  Christ  ? 

Why  may  it  not  be  understood  as  a  doxology  referring 
to  God  ? 

What  is  the  form  of  the  doxologies  in  the  Old  Testa- 
ment .>  see  P».  31:  21.  72:  18. 


»i  105 

Doctrines. 
What  is  taught  respecting  the  Holy  Spirit  in  v.  1  ? 
What  doctrine  as  to  benevolence  is  taught  in  v.  3  ? 
How  does  it  appear  that  Paul  does  not  teach  in  v.  3 

that  it  is  right  to  be  wilUng  to  be  damned  for  the  good 

of  others  ! 
In  what  light  is  church-membership  presented  in  v.  4  ? 
What  doctrine  is  taught  in  v.  5  respecting  Jesus  Christ? 

Remarks. 

What  practical  lesson  is  taught  in  v.  1? 

What  test  of  character  is  suggested  by  vs.  2,  31 

What  lesson  should  the  rejection  of  the  Jews,  notwith- 
standing all  their  privileges,  teach  us  > 

How  ought  a  pious  parentage  to  be  regarded  ? 

How  ought  the  fact  that  Christ  is  at  once  God  and  man 
to  affect  us  ?  v.  5. 

What  lesson  may  be  derived  from  these  five  verses,  con- 
sidered as  the  introduction  to  the  following  discussion? 

CHAP.  9 :  6—24. 

6Not  as  though  the  word  of  God  hath  taken  none 
effect.  For  they  are  not  all  Israel  which  are  of  Israel : 
"neither,  because  they  are  the  seed  of  Abraham,  are 
they  all  children :  but,  in  Isaac  shall  thy  seed  be  called. 
sThat  is,  they  which  are  the  children  of  the  flesh,  these 
are  not  the  children  of  God :  but  the  children  of  the 
promise  are  counted  for  the  seed.  ^For  this  is  the  word 
of  promise.  At  this  time  will  I  come,  and  Sarah  shall 
have  a  son.  i^And  not  only  this  ;  but  when  Rebecca 
also  had  conceived  by  one,  even  by  our  father  Isaac ; 
11  (for  the  children  being  not  yet  born,  neither  having 
done  any  good  or  evil,  that  the  purpose  of  God,  ac- 
cording to  election,  might  stand,  not  of  works,  but  of 
him  that  calleth ;)  '^it  was  said  unto  her,  the  elder  shall 
serve  the  younger ;  •''as  it  is  written,  Jacob  have  I  loved, 


106 

t)ut  Esau  have  I  hated.  i^What  shall  we  say  then  ?  In 
there  unrighteousness  with  God?  God  forbid.  i^For 
he  saith  to  Moses,  I  will  have  mercy  on  whom  I  will 
have  mercy,  and  I  will  have  compassion  on  whom  I 
will  have  compassion.  i^go  then  it  is  not  of  him 
that  willeth,  nor  of  him  that  runneth,  but  of  God 
that  showeth  mercy.  I'^For  the  Scripture  saith  unto 
Pharaoh,  Even  for  this  same  purpose  have  I  raised 
thee  up,  that  I  might  show  my  power  in  thee,  and 
that  my  name  might  be  declared  throughout  all  the 
earth.  i^Therefore  hath  he  mercy  on  whom  he  will 
have  mercy,  and  whom  he  will  he  hardeneth. 
i^Thou  wilt  say  then  unto  me,  Why  doth  he  yet  find 
fault?  for  who  hath  resisted  his  will?  2oNay  but,  0 
man,  who  art  thou  that  repliest  against  God  ?  Shall  the 
thing  formed  say  to  him  that  formed  it,  Why  hast  thou 
made  me  thus  ?  2iHath  not  the  potter  power  over  the 
clay,  of  the  same  lump  to  make  one  vessel  unto  honour, 
gnd  another  unto  dishonour  ?  22  What  if  God,  willing  to 
show  his  wrath,  and  to  make  his  power  known,  endured 
with  much  long-suffering  the  vessels  of  wrath  fitted  to 
destruction ;  23and  that  he  might  make  known  the 
riches  of  his  glory  on  the  vessels  of  mercy,  which  he 
afore  prepared  unto  glory.  24j]ven  us,  whom  he  hath 
(ialled,  not  of  the  Jews  only,  but  also  of  the  Gentiles  ] 

f^nalysis. 

What  subject  does  Paul  here  introduce  ? 

What  is  the  immediate  design  of  this  section  ?     Ans. 

To  show  that  God  is  at  perfect  liberty  to  call  the 

Gentiles  into  his  kingdom. 
What  is  his  first  argument  in  support  of  this  point  ?  vs. 

6—13. 
What  is  his  second  argument ! 
What  is  the  objection  to  the  divine   sovereignty  pre-. 

sented  in  v.  14  ? 
How  does  Paul  answer  it?  vs.  15,  16,  and  vs.  17,  18, 


101 

What  is  the  second  objection?  v.  19. 

How  does  Paul  answer  it]  vs.  20,  21,  and  vg.  22—24. 


Commentary. 

(6)  What  opinion  did  the  Jews  entertain  respecting 
the  promise  of  God  to  Abraham  and  his  seed  ] 

What  is  the  force  of  the  words  not  as  though  ? 

What  had  Paul  said  which  seemed  to  imply  that  the 
word  of  God  had  failed  } 

What  is  meant  by  the  word  of  God  in  this  place  7 

How  does  he  show  that  the  promise  of  God,  even  ad- 
mitting the  rejection  of  the  Jews,  was  not  broken  1 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  all  are  not 
Israel  that  are  of  Israel  .-*" 

(7)  Wliat  is  the  design  of  this  and  the  following  verse? 
Who  are  here  intended  by  the  seed  of  Abraham  ? 
Who  are  intended  by  his  children  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  in  Isaac  shall  thy 
seed  be  called  ?" 

(8)  What  is  the  force  of  the  words  that  is  ? 

Does  Paul  intend  simply  to  explain  the  bearing  of  the 

fact  mentioned  in  v.  7  ? 
W^hat  analogy  is  there  between  the  case  of  Ishmael  and 

Isaac  and  that  of  the  natural  and  spiritual  seed  of 

Abraham  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  exptession  "children  of  the 

promise  ?"  see  Gal.  4:  23,  28. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  are  counted  fof 

seed  ?" 

(9)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 
\\iiy  was  Isaac  called  a  child  of  promise  1 
What  is  implied  in  this  declaration  of  Scripture  t 

(10)  How  are  the  words  not  only  this  to  be  explained? 
What  is  the  case  of  Rebecca  and  her  two  children  cited 

to  prove  ? 


108 

What  renders  tliis  case  stronger  than  that  of  Isaac  and 
Ishmael? 

(11)  What  is  the  force  of /or  here  ? 

When  was  the  choice  between  Jacob  and  Esau  an- 
nounced ? 

Why  was  it  made  before  they  were  bom  1 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "neither  having 
done  good  or  evil  ?" 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  purpose  ?  see  ch.  8; 
28.  2  Tim.  1:  9. 

How  are  the  words  according  to  election  to  be  ex- 
plained ? 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  this  election  or  purpose 
is  not  of  works "?  compare  ch.  11:  6.  Gal.  2:  16. 

(12)  With  what  is  this  verse  to  be  connected? 

With  what  design  is  this  passage  from  the  Old  Testa- 
ment quoted  ?  ^ns.  Simply  to  show  that  God  chose 
Jacob  in  preference  to  Esau. 

In  what  sense  did  Esau  serve  Jacob  ? 
Is  this  passage  to  be  understood  of  Jacob  and  Esau 
personally,  or  of  their  descendants] 

(13)  With  what  view  is  this  passage  from  Malachi  1: 
2,  3  quoted  ? 

Does  this  passage  refer  to  Jacob  and  Esau,  or  to  their 
descendants  ? 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  hate  to  be  here  understood  ^ 
see  Gen.  29;  33.  Luke  14:  26. 

What  doctrine  is  taught  in  this  and  the  preceding  verses  ? 

What  objections  are  commonly  urged  against  this  doc- 
trine! see  V.  14,  and  v.  19. 

(14)  What  objection  to  the  sovereignty  of  God  is  here 
presented  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  unrighteousness? 

(15)  How  does  Paul  answer  this  objection.'' 
What  is  the  force  here  of  the  word  for  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  I  will  have 
^mercy  on  whom  I  will  have  mercy  ?" 


109 

(16)  What  inference  does  Paul  draw  from  the  prece- 
ding  declaration  ? 

To  what  does  the  word  ?Y  refer? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expressions  "  of  him  that  willeth'' 

and  "of  him  that  runneth?" 
On  whom  does  the  attamment  of  the  divine  blessing 

depend  r* 

(17)  With  what  is  this  verse  to  be  connected  ? 
What  additional  answer  to  the  objection  in  v.  14  does  it 

contain  .-* 

What  did  God  say  to  Pharaoh  ? 

For  what  purpose  did  God  raise  him  up  ? 

How  is  the  expression  "  I  have  raised  thee  up"  to  he  un- 
derstood 1 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  latter  clause  of  this  verse  ? 

(18)  What  conclusion  does  the  apostle  draw  in  this 
verse  ? 

From  whence  is  this  conclusion  drawn  1 

In  what  sense  is  the  clause  "  whom  he  will  he  harden* 

eth"  to  be  understood  ?  Is.  6:  10.  Deut.  2:  30.  Rom. 

1:  24,  28. 

(19)  What  objection  to  the  divine  sovereignty  is  pre» 
sented  in  this  verse  ^ 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  why  doth  he  yet 

find  fault?" 
In  what  sense  is  the  clause  "  who  hath  resisted  his 

will"  to  be  understood  ? 

(20)  How  does  Paul  answer  this  objection  > 

On  what  is  the  objection  under  consideration  founded  ^ 
On  what  principle  is  Paul's  answer  to  it  founded  ? 
What  design  had  the  apostle  in  this  passage,  besides 

answering  the  objection  in  question  ? 
What  is  the  purport  of  the  last  clause  of  this  verse  ? 

(21)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  > 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  poxver  1  Matt.  2U 
23.  1   Cor  9:  5. 


110 

What  is  intended  in  this  passage  by  the  himp  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrases  "  vessel  unto  honour" 

and  "  unto  dishonour  ]" 
What  is  the  point  of  this  illustration  1 
(22,  23)  What  is  Paul's  second  answer  to  the  objec- 
tion contained  in  v.  19  ? 
What  is  the  design  of  the  punishment  of  the  wicked  ? 
What  is  the  design  of  the  salvation  of  the  righteous  ^ 
What  is  meant  here  by  tvrath  ?  ch.  1:18. 
How  is  the  power  of  God  manifested  in  the  destruction 

of  the  wicked  1 
How  does  God  treat  even  wicked  men  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  vessels  of  v^ath  ?" 
How  is  the  expression  "  fitted  for   destruction  to  be 

understood  ?" 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  riches  of  his  glory  1" 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  vessels  of  mercy  ?" 
In  what  sense  is  the  phrase  "afore  prepared"  to  be 

understood?  compare  Eph.  2:  10.  Acts  13:  48. 
(24)  Who  are  intended  by  the  words  even  us  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  calling  here  spoken  oil  ch.  8: 

28,  30. 
With  what  special  view  does  Paul  here  mention  that 

Gentiles  as  well  as  Jews  are  called  } 

Doctrines. 

What  is  taught  in  vs.  6 — 12  as  to  the  connexion  with 
pious  parents,  as  a  ground  of  confidence  towards  God  1 

What  doctrine  respecting  election  does  Paul  here  teach  } 

How  may  it  be  proved  that  this  election  is  to  eternal 
life?  see  vs.  15,  16,  18. 

How  may  it  be  proved  that  it  is  a  choice  of  individuals  ? 

What  is  the  foundation  of  this  election  ? 

How  may  it  be  proved  that  it  is  a  sovereign  choice  } 
see  vs."ll,  16,  18;  comp.  2  Tim.  1:  9. 

What  are  the  two  leading  objections  against  this  doc- 
trine.^ vs.  14,  19. 


Ill 


How  does  Paul  answer  them  ?  vs.  15 — 23. 

How  do  men  become  the  children  of  God  ?  v.  8. 

How  is  V.  11  to  be  reconciled  with  the  doctrine  of  ori- 
ginal sin  '? 

What  is  taught  in  vs.  17,  22,  23,  as  to  the  design  of 
God  in  all  his  works  ? 

How  is  the  necessity  of  the  use  of  means  to  be  recon- 
ciled with  the  doctrine  of  the  apostle  in  this  passage  1 

How  are  men,  considered  as  the  objects  of  election,  re- 
garded ? 

What  is  the  doctrine  of  reprobation  as  taught  in  vs.  18, 
22,  and  ch.  1;  24,  28  ? 

Semarks. 

What  practical  effect  ought  the  doctrine  of  God's  sove- 
reignty to  have  upon  us  ? 

What  is  the  proper  method  of  answering  objections 
to  the  articles  of  our  faith?  vs.  15,  17. 

What  first  principle  of  theological  knowledge  is  sug- 
gested in  vs.  15 — 19  ] 

In  what  light  does  v.  20  present  cavilling  against  God? 

What  duty  in  reference  to  the  divine  dispensation  is 
suggested  by  vs.  20 — 24  ? 

What  ought  we  to  make  the  end  of  our  desires  and 
pursuits?  vs.  17,  22,  23. 

What  effect  ought  the  fact  that  God  often  gives  up  the 
wicked  to  a  reprobate  mind  to  produce  upon  the  im- 
penitent 1 


CHAP.  9;  25—33. 

25As  he  saith  also  in  Osee,  I  will  call  them  my  people, 
which  were  not  my  people ;  and  her  beloved,  which  was 
not  beloved.  26And  it  shajl  come  to  pass,  that  in  the 
place  where  it  was  said  unto  them.  Ye  are  not  my  peo- 
ple ;  there  shall  they  be  called  the  children  of  the  Uving 


112 

God.  27Esaias  also  crieth  concerning  Israel,  Though 
the  number  of  the  children  of  Israel  be  as  the  sand  of 
the  sea,  a  remnant  shall  be  saved.  ^^For  he  will  finish 
the  work,  and  cut  it  short  in  righteousness ;  because  a 
short  work  will  the  Lord  make  upon  the  earth,  ^s^nd 
as  Esaias  said  before,  Except  the  Lord  of  Sabaoth  had 
left  us  a  seed,  we  had  been  as  Sodom,  and  been  made 
like  unto  Gomorrha.  3o\yhat  shall  we  say  then  ?  that 
the  Gentiles,  which  followed  not  after  righteousness, 
have  attained  to  righteousness,  even  the  righteousness 
which  is  of  faith.  ^^'QwX  Israel,  which  followed  after 
the  law  of  righteousness,  hath  not  attained  to  the  law 
of  righteousness.  32  Wherefore  ?  Because  they  sought  it 
not  by  faith,  but  as  it  were  by  the  works  of  the  law: 
for  they  stumbled  at  that  stumbling-stone;  ^^as  it  is 
written,  Behold,  I  lay  in  Sion  a  stumbling-stone  and 
rock  of  offence:  and  whosoever  believeth  on  him  shall  not 
be  ashamed, 

Analysis. 
At  what  conclusion  had  the  apostle  arrived  at  the  close 

of  the  previous  section  ? 
How  does  he  confirm  this  conclusion  1 
What  are  vs.  25,  26  designed  to  prove  ? 
What  truth  are  vs.  27 — 29  intended  to  establish  } 
What  zjiference  is  drawn  from  these  promises   in  vs. 

30,  31  ? 
What  is  the  ground  of  the  rejection  of  the  Jews  ?  vs. 

32,  33. 

Commentary. 
(25)  What  is  the  first  part  of  the  general  conclusion 

contained  in  v.  24  ? 
How  does  Paul  confirm  this  conclusion  ? 
To  what  class  of  persons  does  the  passage  in  Hosea  2  ; 

23,|refer.? 
Or  what  principle  is  it  applicable  to  Paul's  object } 


lis 

(26)  What  is  the  second  passage,  quoted  from  Hosea 

1 :  10  ? 
How  does  this  apply  to  the  apostle's  argument  ? 
(27,  28)   What  is  the  second  pait  of  the  conclusion 

contained  in  v,  24  ? 
How  is  this  confirmed  ? 
What  is  the  purport  of  the  passage  quoted  from  Is.  10: 

22,  23  ? 
How  does  it  apply  to  the  apostle's  argument  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  here  of  the  expression  "  he  will 

finish  the  work?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  cut  it  short  in 

righteousness  ?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  for  a  short  work 

will  the  Lord  make  in  the  earth  ?" 

(29)  What  is  the  second  passage  quoted  from  Isaiah 
1;  9  ? 

What  is  the  object  of  this  quotation  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  v/ord  Sabaoth  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "Lord  of  Hosts?" 

Ans.  Lord  of  the  universe ;  compare  1  Kings  22:  19. 

Ps.  148.  2.  Jer.  33:  22. 

(30)  W'hat  inference  is  drawn  from  the  preceding 
arguments  in  this  verse  ? 

How  are  the  Gentiles  here  descril)ed  1 

What  is  meant  by  their  not  following  after  righteousness? 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  righteousness  to  be  under- 
stood? Gal.  2:21.  3:  21. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "have  attained  to 
righteousness  ?  ' 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  righteousness  which  is  of  faith?" 

(31)  How  are  the  Jews  here  described? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  law  of  righteousness  ?" 
In  what  sense  did  the  Jews  follow  after  righteousness  ? 

(32)  WTiat  was  the  reason  that  the  Jews  did  not  attain 
justification  ? 


114 

How  did  they  seek  it  ? 

What  is  the  force  of  the  words  as  it  -mere  P 

What  is  meant  by  the  last  clause  of  this  verse  ? 

(33)  Where  had  it  been  predicted  that  the  Jews  would 

reject  the  Messiah?  Is.  8:  14.  28:  16. 
Who  is  intended  by  the  expressions  "  stumbling-stone" 

and  "  rock  of  offence  1" 
Why  is  Christ  so  called  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  passage  in  Is.  28:  16  ? 
How  is  it  applicable  to  the  apostle's  object?  compare 

1  Peter  2:  6.  Matt.  21:  42.  Acts  4:  11. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  passage  Is.  8:  14  > 
How  can  it  be  shown  to  refer  to  Christ"?  compare  Ps. 

118:  22,  and  the  passages  just  referred  to. 

Doctrines. 

How  does  it  appear  from  vs.  35,  26  that  those  excluded 

from  the  pale  of  the  ^dsible  church  are  not  beyond  the 

reach  of  God's  mercy  ? 
What  do  vs.  27,   28,    29  teach  as  to  the  proportion 

between  the  nominal  and  sincere  people  of  God  in 

the  ancient  church  i* 
What  do  vs.  30,  31  teach  as  to  the  evil  of  error  on  the 

subject  of  religion  f* 
On  what  ground  are  men  to  be  condemned  ^  v.  32. 
In  what  way  has  Christ  been  regarded  by  unrenewed 
j^men  ?  V.  33, 

Memarks. 

What  ground  of  thankfulness  to  God  is  presented  in 

vs.  25,  26. 
What  motive  to  caution  is  suggested  in  vs.  27 — 29  ^ 
What  form  of  error  is  most  destructive  >  v.  32. 
What  test  of  character  .is  presented  in  v.  33  } 


115 

CHAPTER   X. 

What  is  the  general  design  of  this  chapter  1 


CHAP.  10:  1—10. 

'Brethren,  my  heart's  desire  and  prayer  to  God  for 
Israel  is,  that  they  might  be  saved.  ^Por  I  bear  them 
record,  that  they  have  a  zeal  of  God,  but  not  according 
to  knowledge.  ^Por  they  being  ignorant  of  God's 
righteousness,  and  going  about  to  establish  their  own 
righteousness,  have  not  submitted  themselves  unto  the 
righteousness  of  God.  ^For  Christ  is  the  end  of  the 
law  for  righteousness  to  every  one  that  believeth.  ^For 
Moses  describeth  the  righteousness  wliich  is  of  the  law, 
That  the  man  which  doeth  those  things  shall  live  by 
them.  6jBut  the  righteousness  which  is  of  faith  speak- 
eth  on  this  wise.  Say  not  in  thine  heart,  Who  shall 
ascend  into  heaven  ]  (that  is,  to  bring  Christ  down /row 
above:)  ^r,  Who  shall  descend  into  the  deep?  (that 
is,  to  bring  up  Christ  again  from  the  dead.)  ^But  what 
saith  it  ?  The  word  is  nigh  thee,  even  in  thy  mouth, 
and  in  thy  heart :  that  is,  the  word  of  faith  which  we 
preach ;  ^that  if  thou  shalt  confess  with  thy  mouth  the 
Lord  Jesus,  and  shalt  beUeve  in  thine  heart  that  God 
hath  raised  him  from  the  dead,  thou  shalt  be  saved. 
loPor  with  the  heart  man  believeth  unto  righteousness ; 
and  with  the  mouth  confession  is  made  unto  salvation. 


Analysis. 

What  is  the  object  of  verses  1,  2  ? 
On  what  ground  were  the  Jews  rejected  ?  vs.  3,  4. 
What  is  the  character  of  the  legal  method  of  justifica- 
tion 1  V.  5. 


116 

What  is  the  character  of  the  gospel  method  of  justifica- 
tion? vs.  6—10. 

With  what  view  does  Paul  compare  and  contrast  these 
two  methods  ? 


Covimentary. 

(1)  Why  does  Paul  again  assure  his  bretlu-en  of  his 
affection  ? 

Who  are  intended  here  by  Israel  ? 

What  was  Paul's  earnest  desiie  respecting  them  ? 

(2)  W^hat  is  the  object  of  this  verse  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  zeal  of  God  ?"  compare 

John  2:  17.  Acts  21:  20.  22:  3. 
In  what  respect  was  their  zeal  defective  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  not  according  to 

knowledge  ?" 

(3)  How  does  Paul  prove  that  their  zeal  was  not  en- 
lightened ? 

Of  what  were  they  ignorant } 

What  is  meant  by  the  righteousness  of  God  ?  see  ch.  1: 
17.  3:  21.  Phil.  3:  9. 

What  is  meant  by  their  own  righteousness  ? 

How  is  the  whole  phrase  "going  about  to  establish 
their  own  righteousness"  to  be  understood,^ 

What  was  the  consequence  of  this  1 

What  is  meant  by  their  not  submitting  to  the  righteous- 
ness of  God  ? 

(4)  What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  the  pre- 
ceding ? 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  end  to  be  here  understood  ] 
In  what  sense  is  Christ  the  end  of  the  law,^  Eph.  2:  15. 

Col.  2:  14.  Gal.  3:  13. 
For  what  purpose  has  Christ  fulfilled  and  abolished  the 

law  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  for  righteous- 


117 

To  whom  does  Christ  thus  secure  righteousness  or  jus- 
tification ? 
(5)  What  is  the  connexion  between  this  and  the  pre- 
ceding verse  ? 
With  what  design  does  Paul  introduce  a  description  of 

the  legal  method  of  justification  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  righteousness  of  the 

law?" 
How  is  the  passage  quoted  from  Moses  to  bexmderstood? 
In  what  sense  is  the  expression  "  shall  live"  to  be  un^ 

derstood  1 
(6,  7)  What  is  meant  by  "  the  righteousness  of  faith  ?" 
What  is  the  import  of  the  expression,  "  speaketh  on  this 

wise  ?" 
What  is  the  general  design  of  these  verses  1 
What  is  intended  by  saying  a  thing  is  "  liigh"  or  "  afar 
off,"  or,  "  in  heaven  1"     ^ns.  That  it  is  inaccessible ; 
see  Job  11:  7,  8.  Ps.  139:  6.  Prov.  24:  7. 
W^hat  then  is  implied  in  the  question  "  who  shall  ascend 

into  heaven  ■?" 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  deep  here  used  ?     Job  28; 

14.  Ps.  139  :  8.  Amos  9:  2. 
What  is  imphed  in  the  question  "  who  shall  descend 

into  the  deep  ?" 
How  are  the  clauses  "  that  is,  to  bring  Christ  dovvTi," 
and,  "  that  is,  to  bring  up  Christ  again  from  the  dead," 
to  be  explained  ]  ^?is.  They  are  explanatory  sub- 
stitutes for  the  passages  quoted  from  the  Old  Testa- 
ment. '  The  gospel  does  not  require  impossibilities. 
It  does  not  tell  us  to  ascend  to  heaven,  that  is,  it  does 
not  tell  us  to  provide  a  Sa\'iour,;i&c.' 
Where  does  the  passage  quoted  by  Paul  occur?     ^ns, 

Deut.  30:  10—14. 
How  is  the  passage  in  Deuteronomy  to  be  understood  ? 
(8)  If  the  gospel  does  not  require  us  to  ascend  into 

heaven,  what  does  it  require  ? 
'^hat  is  meant  by  saying  a  thmg  is  "  nigh,"  "  in  the 


118 


mouth,"  and  "in  the  heart?"     Ans.  That  it  is  ac- 
cessible, easy,  well  known. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "the  word  of  faith?" 

(9)  What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  the  pre- 
ceding > 

What  are  the  two  requisites  for  salvation  here  men- 
tioned ? 

What  is  it  that  we  are  required  to  confess?  Acts  11: 
20.  1  Cor.  12:  3.  Phil.  2:  11. 

How  is  this  confession  to  be  made  ? 

Why  is  the  open  confession  of  Christ  thus  necessary  ] 
compare  Matt.  10:  32.  Luke  12:  8.  1  John  4:  15. 

What  is  the  second  requisite  i* 

What  is  that  we  are  required  to  believe  ? 

What  is  involved  in  believing  that  God  raised  Christ 
from  the  dead?  ch.  1:  4.  4:  25.  Acts  13:  32,  33.  1 
Cor.  15:  14. 

What  is  the  nature  of  this  faith? 

(10)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  unto  right- 
eousness ?" 

What  is  the  nature  of  the  confession  which  we  are  re- 
quired to  make  ? 

How  is  faith  connected  with  justification  ? 

How  is  confession  connected  with  salvation  ? 

Doctrines. 
W^hat  is  taught  concerning  zeal  in  v.  2  ? 
In  what  light  is  the  doctrine  of  justification  presented  in 

V.  3? 
What  does  v.  3  represent  as  the  foundation  of  false 

hopes  of  the  divine  favour  ? 
What  is  the  first  and  immediate  duty  of  the  sinner?  v.  3. 
What  is  the  immediate  ground   of  condemnation   of 

those  who  perish  under  the  sound  of  the  gospel  1  v.  3. 
In  what  Ught  does  the  doctrine  of  v.  4,  present  the  Lord 

Jesus  ? 


119 

In  what  respects  is  Christ  the  end  of  the  law  ? 

What  is  taught  respecting  the  legal  method  of  justifica- 
tion in  vs.  5 — 7  1 

In  what  light  is  the  gospel  method  of  salvation  presented 
in  vs.  6—9  ] 

"What  is  taught  in  vs.  9,  10  respecting  the  confession  of 
Christ? 

What  is  taught  in  v.  10  respecting  faith? 

Iie)narks. 
What  practical  lesson  respecting  zeal  may  be  derived 

from  V.  2  1 
What  caution  is  suggested  by  v.  3  ? 
What  test  of  the  truth  of  any  doctrine  is  suggested  by 

V.  4? 
How  should  the  conduct  of  those  persons  be  regarded  who 

are  depending  on  their  own  righteousness  ?  vs.  5 — 7. 
In  what  light  do  vs.  8, 9,  present  the  sin  of  rejecting  the 

gospel ? 
What  is  to  be  thought  of  those  who  are  ashamed  to 

confess  Christ?  vs.  9,  10. 


CHAP.  10:  11— 21. 

i^For  the  Scripture  saith,  Whosoever  believeth  on  him 
shall  not  be  ashamed.  '^Por  there  is  no  difference  be- 
tween the  Jew  and  the  Greek :  for  the  same  Lord  over 
all  is  rich  unto  all  that  call  upon  him.  i^Por  whosoever 
shall  call  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord  shall  be  saved. 
J^Hov/  then  shall  they  call  on  him  in  whom  they  have 
not  believed  ?  and  how  shall  they  believe  in  him  of 
whom  they  have  not  heard  1  and  how  shall  they  hear 
without  a  preacher  1  i^and  how  shall  they  preach,  ex- 
cept they  be  sent  ?  as  it  is  written,  How  beautiful  are 
the  feet  of  them  that  preach  the  gospel  of  peace,  and 
bring  glad  tidings  of  good  things  !    i^But  they  have  not 


120 

all  obeyed  the  gospel.  For  Esais  saith,  Lord,  who  hath 
believed  our  report  ?  ^''So  then,  faith  cometh  by  hearing, 
and  hearing  by  the  word  of  God.  ^^But  I  say,  Have 
they  not  heard  1  Yes,  verily,  their  sound  went  into  all 
the  earth,  and  their  words  unto  the  ends  of  the  world. 
i9But  I  say,  Did  not  Israel  know  ?  First  Moses  saith,  I 
will  provoke  you  to  jealousy  by  them  that  are  no  people, 
and  by  a  fooUsh  nation  I  will  anger  you.  sogut  Esaias 
is  very  bold,  and  saith,  I  was  found  of  them  that  sought 
me  not ;  I  was  made  manifest  unto  them  that  asked  not 
for  me.  2i]3ut  to  Israel  he  saith.  All  day  long  I  have 
stretched  forth  my  hands  unto  a  disobedient  and  gain- 
saying people. 

Analysis. 
What  was  Paul's  object  in  contrasting  the  two  methods 

of  justification  ? 
What  two  points  are  established  by  the  quotation  in  v. 

11? 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  12,  13  1 
What  inference  does  Paul  draw  from  the  fact  that  the 

gospel  is  adapted  to  all  men?  vs.  14 — 17. 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  18 — 21  ? 

Commentary. 

(11)  With  what  view  is  this  passage  quoted  ? 
What  are  the  points  which  it  is  designed  to  establish  > 

(12)  What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  the  pre- 
ceding ? 

Why  is  the  same  plan  of  salvation  adapted  to  all  men  > 

compare  ch.  3:  22. 
In  what  respect  is  there  no  difference  between  the  Jew 

and  the  Gentile  > 
How  does  Paul  prove  that  there  is  no  difference  between 

them  ? 
Does  the  word  Lord  here  refer  to  Christ  or  to  God  > 


121 

What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  the  same  Lord  over  all  ?^ 
In  what  sense  are  the  words  is  vlcli  to  be  understood  % 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  who  call  upon  him  ?^' 
Gen.  4:  26.  Is.  64:  7.  Acts  2:  21.  i  Cor.  1:  2. 

(13)  What  is  this  passage  designed  to  prove  ] 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  passage  in  Joel  2:  28,  32] 
How  does  it  bear  on  the  apostle's  object  ? 

( 1 4)  How  does  Paul  here  argue  that  the  gospel  should 
be  preached  to  all  ] 

Why  is  faith  necessary  to  invocation  1 

(15)  With  what  view  does  Paul  quote  Is.  52:  '/"I 

W  hat  is  the  meaning  of  this  passage  as  it  stands  in 

Isaiah  .' 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "gospel  of  peace  V 
What  is  meant  by  "  glad  tidings  of  good  things?" 
What  is  meant  by  saying  the  feet  of  such  messengers 

are  beautiful  ? 

(16)  Is  this  verse  the  language  of  Paul  or  an  objector? 
Is  it  immediately  connected  with  the  context,  or  is  it  a 

parenthesis  ? 
With  what  view  is  the  passage  from  Isaiah  quoted  ? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  report  to  be  understood  ? 

(17)  With  what  is  tliis  vei'se  to  be  connected]  Ajis.- 
With  vs.  14,  15. 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  hearing  to  be  taken  ? 
How  does  faith  come  by  hearing  ? 
How  is  "  hearing  by  the  word  of  God  ]" 

(18)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ?  Ans.  To  show 
that,  in  conformity  with  the  will  of  God,  the  gospel 
had  already  been  widely  preached. 

Who  are  intended  by  the  word  they  in  the  question 

"  Have  they  not  heard  ?" 
With  what  view  does  Paul  quote  the  19th  Psahn? 
Does  that  Psalm  refer  to  the  preachhig  of  the  gospel  ? 
What  is  meant  liy  the  expression  "  their  sound  wei:>t 

into  all  the  earth  ?" 


122 


(19)  What  does  Paul  mean  to  say  that  the  Jews 

knew  ? 
How  does  he  prove  that  the  caUing  of  the  Gentiles 

might  be  known  by  them  1 
To  what  does  the  woid^/lrst  here  refer  1 
What  is  the  meaning  of  Deut.  32:  21,  as  it  stands  in 

the  Old  Testament  > 
How  does  it  bear  upon  the  object  of  the  apostle  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  *'  them  that  are  no 

people?" 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  foolish  to  be  understood] " 
(20,  21)  What  other  passage  does  Paul  quote  i* 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  is  very  bold  and 

saith?" 
To  what  does  this  passage  refer  as  it  stands  in  Isaiah "? 
Who  are  here  intended  by  those  '  who  did  not  seek 

God  ?'     A71S.  The  Gentiles. 
In  what  sense  did  God  manifest  himself  to  the  Gen- 
tiles 1 
With  what  view  is  the  passage  in  v.  21  recited  1     Ans. 

To  show  that  Isaiah  predicted  the  rejection  of  the 

Jews. 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  I  have  stretched  out 

my  hands  ?" 
How  did  the  Jews  treat  the  invitations  of  God  ? 

Doctrines. 
What  is  taught  as  to  the  nature  of  Christianity  in  vs. 

11—131 
What  does  v.  12  teach  respecting  the  relation  in  which 

all  men  stand  to  God  ? 
What  is  taught  in  v.  13  as  to  the  universality  of  the 

offer  of  salvation  ? 
What  do  vs.  14,  15,  represent  as  the  great  means  of 

salvation  ? 
What  doctrine  do  vs.  14,  15,  teach  on  the  subject  of 

missions  ? 


123 

What  do  vs.  11,  12,  15,  teach  as  to  the  evangelical 
character  of  the  Old  Testament  i* 


.     Remarks. 

What  spirit  should  vs.  11 — 13  lead  Christians  to  culti- 
vate ■? 

What  duty  does  v.  12  suggest? 

What  important  duty  may  be  inferred  from  vs.  14,  15? 

In  what  light  does  v.  17  present  the  importance  of  the 
ministry  of  the  gospel  ? 

What  effect  ought  the  fact  that  few  heheve  the  gospel 
to  have  upon  us  ?  v.  16. 

What  important  practical  truth  is  taught  in  v.  19  ] 

What  truth  is  taught  in  v.  20  > 

In  what  light  does  v.  21  present  the  dealings  of  God 
with  the  impenitent  ] 

What  caution  to  us  is  administered  by  v.  21 1 


CHAPTER    XI. 

Of  how  many  parts  does  this  chapter  consist }     Ans, 

Two,  vs.  1—10,  and  vs.  11—36. 
Wliat  is  the  design  of  the  first  part  ?     Ans.  To  teach 

that  the  rejection  of  the  Jews  is  not  total. 
What  is  the  design  of  the  second  part  ?    Ans.  To  show 

that  this  rejection  is  not  final. 


CHAP.  11:  1—10. 

'I  say  then,  Hath  God  cast  away  his  people  ?  God 
forbid.  For  I  also  am  an  Israelite,  of  the  seed  of  Abra- 
ham, of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin.  2God  hath  not  cast 
away  his  people  which  he  foreknew.    Wot  ye  not  what 


124 

the  scripture  saith  of  Elias  ?  how  he  maketh  interces- 
sion to  God  against  Israel,  saying,  ^Lord,  they  have 
killed  thy  prophets,  and  digged  down  thine  altars;  and 
I  am  left  alone,  and  they  seek  my  life.  ^But  what  saith 
the  answer  of  God  unto  him  ?  I  have  reserved  to  my- 
self seven  thousand  men,  who  have  not  bowed  the  knee 
to  the  image  of  Baal.  ^Even  so  then  at  this  present 
time  also,  there  is  a  remnant  according  to  the  election  of 
grace.  6/^nd  if  by  grace,  then  is  it  no  more  of  works : 
otherwise  grace  is  no  more  grace.  But  if  it  be  of 
works,  then  is  it  no  more  grace :  otherwise  work  is  no 
more  work.  ''What  then  ?  Israel  hath  not  obtained  that 
which  he  seeketh  for ;  but  the  election  hath  obtained  it, 
and  the  rest  were  blinded.  ^(According  as  it  is  written, 
God  hath  given  them  the  spirit  of  slumber,  eyes  that 
they  should  not  see,  and  ears  that  they  should  not  hear) 
unto  this  day.  ^And  David  saith.  Let  their  table  be 
made  a  snare,  and  a  trap,  and  a  stumbling-block,  and  a 
recompence  unto  them :  i^Iet  their  eyes  be  darkened,  that 
they  may  not  see ,  and  bow  down  their  back  alway. 

Analysis. 

How  does  Paul  prove  that  the  rejection  of  the  Jews  is 

not  total  1 
To  what  analogous  fact  in  their  history  does  he  refer  in 

vs.  2— 4? 
To  what  is  the  salvation  of  this  remnant  to  be  referred  ? 

vs.  5,  6. 
What  is  the  state  of  the  case  as  to  the  Jew  ?  v.  7. 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  8 — 10  ? 

CGmmentarij. 

(1)  What  difficulty  is  obviated  in  this  verse? 
Whence  would  the  objection  here  pi-esented  naturally 

arise  1 
How  does  Paul  answer  the  objection  } 


125 

In  what  sense  are  the  words  his  people  to  be  under- 
stood ? 

How  is  the  question  in  this  verse  to  be  understood  ? 

What  example  does  Paul  cite  to  show  that  all  the  Jews 
were  not  rejected  ? 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  expressions  "  Israelite"  and 
"  of  the  seed  of  Abraham?" 

Why  is  Paul  thus  particular  in  mentioning  his  descent  ? 

(2)  How  is  this  verse  to  be  understood  ? 

Does  it  refer  to  the  external  or  spiritual  people  of  God  ? 

How  does  it  appear  that  the  latter  are  here  intended  ? 
compare  vs.  5 — 7,  and  ch.  9:  6 — 8. 

How  is  the  expression  "  whom  he  foreknew"  to  be  ex- 
plained? see  ch.  8:  29. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  words  xvof  ye  not  P 

What  is  meant  here  by  of  or  in  Elias  ?  ^7is.  In  the 
section  which  treats  of  Elias;  compare  Mark  12:  26. 
'What  does  the  expression  "  to  make  intercession 
against"  mean  ] 

,(3)  To  what  passage  does  Paul  here  refer?  1  Kings 
19:  10. 

To  what  defection  of  the  Jews  does  it  relate  1 

What  is  the  point  to  which  Paul  has  special  reference  ? 

(4)  What  answer  did  God  give  to  the  prophet's  com- 
plaint ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  words  anstver  of  God? 
How  is  the  faithful  portion  of  the  Jews  here  described  ? 
What  is  meant  by  boAving  the  knee  to  Baal  1 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  Baal  ?     Ans.  Lord. 
What  heathen  deity  is  here  intended  1 

(5)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ?  Ajis,  It  con- 
tains the  application  of  the  illustration  in  v.  4  to  the 
case  in  hand. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  election  of  grace?" 
In  what  sense  is  this  election  gracious  ? 
What  is  meant  by  saying  that  this  remnant  is  accord- 
ing to  a  gracious  election?  vs.  21,  24. 


126 


What  bearing  has  this  verse  on  Paul's  object  ? 

(6)  How  does  this  verse  stand  related  to  the  preceding  ] 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  if  by  grace  ?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  it  is  no  more  of 

works  ]"' 
On  what  is  the  election  here  spoken  of  founded  ? 
To  what  blessings  are  those  here  referred  to  chosen  ? 
What  is    Paul's  argument  in  the  latter  part  of  this 

verse  ? 

(7)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 

What  is  the  import  of  the  question   "What  then?" 

.^ns.  What  is   the  inference    from  what  has  been 

said  ? 
Who  are  intended  here  by  Israel  ? 
What  blessings  did  the  Jews  seek?  see  ch.  9;  30,  31. 

10:  3. 
Who  did  obtain  this  blessing? 
W^hat  is  here  meant  by  the  word  election ?     .Ins.  The 

chosen  portion  of  the  Jews. 
What  became  of  the  rest  ? 
What  is  meant  by  their  being  blinded  or  hardened  ? 

(8)  Whence  is  this  passage  quoted  ?  Ans.  It  is  made 
up  of  several  passages;  Is.  6:  9,  10.  Deut.  29;  4. 
Is.  29:  10. 

To  whom  do  these  passages  refer  in  the  Old  Testament  1 
On  what  principle  are  they  quoted  and  applied  by  the 

the  apostle  ] 
W  hat  is  meant  b}"  the  expression  "  God  hath  given  to 

them  ?"  compare  ch.  9:  18. 
What  is  meant  by  the  "  spirit  of  slumber?" 
In  what  sense  are  the  expressions  "  eyes  that  they  should 

not  see,"  and  "  ears  that  they  should  not  hear,"  to  be 

understood  ? 
With  what  are  the  words  unto  this  day  to  be  connected? 

(9,  1 0)  Whence  is  the  next  quotation  made  1  Ans. 
From  Ps.  69:  22,  23. 


127 

How  can  it  be  proved  that  this  Psahn  refers  to  Christ  ? 
compare  v.  9  of  the  Ps.  with  John  2:  17,  and  v.  21 
with  John  19:  28,  29. 

What  is  the  impoit  of  the  imperative  form  in  the  ex- 
pression "  Let  their  table  be  ?" 

What  is  the  general  sense  of  these  figurative  expres- 
sions? ^ins.  That  their  blessings  shall  become  a 
curse. 

Wliat  is  intended  by  the  expressions  in  v.  10  ? 

How  are  such  imprecations  as  these  and  others  in  the 
Psalms  to  be  reconciled  with  the  spirit  of  true  reUgion  1 
Ans.  Because  they  are  not  the  expressions  of  a  desire 
of  private  revenge,  but  merely  one  form  of  denouncing 
the  just  vengeance  of  God  against  sinners. 

Doctrines. 

W^hat  is  taught  in  vs.  1,  2,  respecting  the  gifts  and  call- 
ing of  God  ? 

What  do  vs.  2 — 4  teach  in  reference  to  the  apostacy  of 
churches  1 

To  what  is  the  fidelity  of  those  who  remain  faithful  in 
the  midst  of  general  defection  to  be  referred  ? 

What  is  taught  in  reference  to  election  in  vs.  6,  7  ] 

W'hat  does  v.  7  teach  as  the  reason  that  God  abandons 
men  ? 

What  are  the  consequences  of  this  reprobation  ?  vs. 
8—10. 

Hemcij'ks. 
What  pi actical  inferences  are  to  be  deduced  fiom  vs. 

1—4:1 

On  what  does  the  safety  of  believers  depend  >  vs.  5,  6. 
How  is  salvation  to  be  sought  ]  v.  7. 
What  eflfect  should  our  dependence  upon  God  produce 
upon  us  ^  V.  7.  , 


128 

How  should  the  doctrine  of  vs.  7,  8,  lead  men  to  feel 

and  act  ? 
What  practical  lesson  do  vs.  9,  10,  teach  us  ] 


CHAP.  11:  n— 36. 

I'l  say  then,  Have  they  stumbled  that  they  should 
fall  ?  God  forbid :  but  rather  through  their  fall  salva- 
tion is  come  unto  the  Gentiles,  for  to  provoke  them  to 
jealousy.  J^jsfow  if  the  fall  of  them  be  the  riches  of  the 
world,  and  the  diminishing  of  them  the  riches  of  the 
Gentiles,  how  much  more  their  fulness  ?  i-For  I  speak 
to  you  Gentiles,  inasmuch  as  I  am  the  apostle  of  the 
Gentiles,  I  magnify  mine  office ;  i-^if  by  any  means  I 
may  provoke  to  onulation  them  -which  are  my  flesh, 
and  might  save  some  of  them.  i^Por  if  the  casting 
away  of  them  be  the  reconciling  of  the  world,  what 
shall  the  receiving  of  them  be,  but  life  from  the  dead  ? 
i6For  if  the  first-fruit  be  holy,  the  lump  is  also  holy : 
and  if  the  root  be  holy,  so  are  the  branches.  I'^And  if 
some  of  the  branches  be  broken  off,  and  thou,  being  a 
wild  oUve-tree,  wert  graffed  in  among  them,  and  with 
them  partakest  of  the  root  and  fatness  of  the  olive-tree: 
''boast  not  against  the  branches.  But  if  thou  boast, 
thou  bearest  not  the  root,  but  the  root  thee.  '^Thou 
wilt  say  then.  The  branches  were  broken  oif,  that  I 
might  be  graffed  in.  20Well ;  because  of  unbelief  they 
were  broken  off;  and  thou  standest  by  faith.  Be  not 
high-minded,  but  fear:  2;for  if  God  spared  not  the 
natural  branches,  take  heed  lest  he  also  spare  not  thee. 
22Behold  therefore  the  goodness  and  severity  of  God ; 
on  them  which  fell,  severity ;  but  towards  thee,  good- 
ness ;  if  thou  continue  in  his  goodness  :  otherwise  thou 
also  shalt  be  cut  off.  23And  they  also,  if  they  bide  not 
still  in  unbeUef,  shall  be  graffed  in :  for  God  is  able  to 
graff  them  in  again.     24^ or  if  thou  wert  cut  out  of  the 


129 


^•live-tree  which  is  wild  by  nature,  and  wert  graffed  con- 
traiy  to  nature  into  a  good  olive-tree ;  how  much  more 
shall  these,  which  be  the  natural  branches,  be  gralfed 
into  their  owm  oUve-tree  ?  -^For  I  would  not,  brethren, 
that  ye  should  be  ignorant  of  this  mystery,  lest  ye  should 
be  wise  in  your  own  conceits,  that  blindness  in  pait  is 
happened  to  Israel,  until  the  fulness  of  the  Gentiles  be 
come  in.  ^G^nd  so  all  Israel  shall  be  saved :  as  it  is 
written,  there  shall  come  out  of  Sion  the  Deliverer,  and 
shall  turn  away  ungodliness  from  Jacob  :  ^'for  this  is 
my  covenant  unto  them,  when  I  shall  take  away  their 
sins.  "^^Ks  concerning  the  gospel,  they  are  enemies  for 
your  sakes  :  but  as  touching  the  election,  they  are  beloved 
for  the  father's  sakes.  -'For  the  gifts  and  calling  of  God 
are  without  repentance.  ^^For  as  ye  m  times  past  have 
not  beUeved  God,  yet  have  now  obtained  mercy  through 
their  unbeUef:  Eleven  so  have  these  also  now  not  believed, 
that  through  your  mercy  they  also  may  obtain  mercy. 
32For  God  hath  concluded  them  all  in  unbelief,  that  he 
might  have  mercy  upon  all.  ^^O  the  depth  of  the  riches 
both  of  the  wisdom  and  knowledge  of  God!  How  un- 
searchable are  his  judgments,  and  his  waj's  past  finding 
out!  3,For  who  hath  known  the  mind  of  the  Lord  I 
or  who  hath  been  his  counsellor  ?  ^J  Or  who  hath  first 
given  to  him,  and  it  shall  be  recompensed  unto  him 
again  ?  st'For  of  him,  and  tlnrough  him,  and  to  him, 
are  all  thmgs  :  to  whom  be  glory  for  ever.     Amen. 


Analysis. 

What  is  the  general  design  of  this  section  ? 

What  is  Paul's  object  in  vs,  11 — 24?     Ans.  To  show 

that  the  restoration  of  the  Jews  is  both  desirable  and 

probable. 
What  is  his  object  in  the  latter  part  of  the  chapter  ?  vs. 

25 — 32.     Ans.  To  show  that  this  restoration  is  aC' 

tually  to  occur. 


130 

What  is  the  design  of  the  temporary  rejection  of  the 
Jews?  V.  11, 

How  is  the  restoration  of  the  Jews  shown  to  be  probable 
and  desirable  ■?  vs.  12 — 16. 

With  what  view  are  vs.  13,  14  introduced  ? 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  17—22] 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  23,  24  r* 

What  does  Paul  prove  in  vs.  25,  26  ] 

By  what  arguments  is  the  restoration  of  the  Jews  estab- 
lished in  vs.  26,  27,  28,  29  > 

What  conclusion  is  stated  in  vs.  30 — 32  ] 

What  is  the  design  of  vs.  33—36  > 

Commentary. 

(11)  What  is  the  general  meaning  of  this  verse"? 
What  is  the  difference  here  between  the  words  stumble 

and  fall  P 

What  is  the  force  of  the  word  that  P  Ans.  It  expresses 
the  result.  '  They  have  not  so  stumbled  that  they 
should  utterly  perish.' 

What  is  the  design  of  the  temporary  rejection  of  the 
Jews? 

What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  through  their  fall  salva- 
tion is  come  unto  the  Gentiles  ?" 

How  did  the  rejection  of  the  Jews  facilitate  the  con- 
version of  the  Gentiles?  compare  Acts  13:  46.  28: 
1  Thess.  2:  14,  15. 

What  effect  was  the  conversion  of  the  Gentiles  designed 
to  produce  on  the  Jews  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  to  provoke  them  to 
jealousy  1" 

(12)  What  is  the  general  meaning  of  this  verse  ? 
How  does  it  bear  upon  the  apostle's  object  1 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expiession  "the  fall  of 

them  ?" 
What  is  the  equivalent  expression  in  the  next  clause  1 

Jlns.  The  diminishing  of  them. 


131 

What  does  that  expression  mean  ?     ^ns.  Their  loss  or 

inferior  condition. 
What  is  meant  by  the  word  fulness  P  compare  John  1: 

]6.  Eph.  3:  19. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expressions  "  riches  of  the 

world,"  and  "riches  of  the  Gentiles?" 
How  did  the  ruin  of  the  Jews  promote  the  welfare  of 

the  Gentiles  ? 
How  will  their  restoration  promote  the  welfare  of  the 

Gentiles  ? 

(13)  What  is  the  apostle's  object  in  vs.  13,  14? 
How  is  this  verse  connected  with  the  preceding  ? 
Why  did  Paul  address  the  preceding  remark  to  the 

Gentiles  especially  ? 
What  is  the  tnith  that  he  wished  the  Gentiles  to  bear 

in  mind  ? 
In  what  sense  was  Paul  the  apostle  of  the  Gentiles  ? 

compare  Gal.  1:  16.  Eph.  3:  8. 
What  is  the  meanmg  of  the  expression  "  I  magnify 

my  office  ?" 

(14)  Why  did  Paul  wish  to  render  his  ministry  suc- 
cessful among  the  Gentiles  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  to  provoke  to  emulation?'* 
Who  are  intended  in  the  expression  "them  that  are  my 

flesh?" 
Why  did  Paul  wish  to  excite  the  emulation  of  the  Jews  ? 

(15)  What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  the 
preceding  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  "reconcihng  of  the  world?" 

compare  Eph.  2:  1 1—22. 
How  was  this  promoted  by  the  rejection  of  the  Jews  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression,  "  the  receiving  of 

them  ?" 
What  will  be  the  consequence  of  the  restoration  of  the 

Jews'? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  life  from  the 

dead  ?" 


132 

How  is  the  conversion  of  the  Jews  to  be  the  means  ef 

so  much  good  ? 
(]  6)  What  is  the  general  idea  expressed  in  this  verse  1 

Ans.  '  If  one  portion  of  the  Jewish  people  is  holy,  so 

is  the  other.' 
What  two  figures  does  Paul  use  to  express  this  idea  ? 
To  what  custom  does  he  allude  in  the  first  figure  ? 

Num.  15:  20. 
Who  are  intended  by  the  first  fruits  and  the  branches 

in  this  passage  ? 
Who  are  intended  by  the  lump  and  the  y^oot  ? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  holy  to  be  taken  in  this  pas- 
sage ]   Matt.  4:  5.  1  Cor.  7:  14. 
What  is  the  nature  of  the  argument,  in  favour  of  the 

restoration  of  the  Jews,  contained  in  this  verse  ^ 

(17)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  17—241  Ans.  To 
make  such  an  application  of  the  truths  just  taught  as 
should  prevent  the  exultation  of  the  Gentiles  over  the 
Jews. 

What  is  the  purport  of  this  verse  ? 
Whom  does  Paul  compare  to  the  good  olive  tree  ? 
What  was  the  character  of  the  olive  tree  1 
Whom  does  he  compare  to  the  wild  olive? 
What  kind  of  a  tree  was  the  wild  olive  ? 
Is  it  customary  to  graft  wild  scions  into  cultivated  stocks? 
Who  are  intended  here  by  the  root? 
In  what  sense  did  the  Gentiles  partake  of  the  blessings 
of  the  ancient  patriarchs  ? 

(18)  Against  what  improper  disposition  does  Paul  cau- 
tion the  Gentiles? 

Why  ought  the  Gentiles  to  abstain  from  boasting  over 
the  Jews  1 

(19)  What  doctrine  had  Paul  taught  which  the  Gen- 
tiles  would  be  disposed  to  make  an  occasion  of  boast- 
ing ? 

(30)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse?     Ans.  Toshovr 


133 


that  the  rejection  of  the  Jews  arose  from  no  partiality 
for  the  Gentiles,  and  therefore  afforded  them  no  ex- 
cuse for  boasting. 

What  was  the  true  reason  for  the  rejection  of  the  Jews? 

What  inference  should  the  Gentiles  draw  from  the  fact 
that  the  Jews  were  rejected  on  account  of  unbelief? 

(21)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ?  A^is.  To  show 
that  the  Gentiles  had  even  more  reason  to  fear  than 
the  Jews  had. 

Why  was  it  more  probable  that  God  would  spare  the 
Jews,  than  the  Gentiles'? 

(22)  What  effect  ought  these  dispensations  of  God  ta 
produce  upon  us  ? 

What  attribute  of  God  was  manifested  in  his  dealings 

with  the  Gentiles  ? 
What  attribute  was  manifested  in  his  dealings  with  the 

Jews  ] 
On  what  condition  was  the  continuance  of  the  divine 

favour  to  the  Gentiles  suspended  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  if  ye  continue  in  his 

goodness  ?" 
What  was  threatened  in  oase  of  their  disobedience? 

(23)  What  prevents  the  return  of  the  Jews  to  the 
church  of  God  ? 

What  is  meant  by  saying  "  God  is  able  to  graff  them 
in  again  ?" 

(24)  What  is  the  general  meaning  of  this  verse  ? 

On  what  account  are  the  Gentiles  compared  to  a  tree 

wild  by  nature  ] 
Why  is  their  introduction  into  the  church  compared  to 

a  thing  "  contrary  to  nature  1" 
What  inierence  does  Paul  draw  from  the  dealings  of 

God  towards  the  Gentiles  ? 

(25)  What  future  event  is  predicted  in  this  verse  ? 
How  may  it  be  proved  that  this  verse  predicts  a  general 

conversion  of  the  Jews  ? 

M 


134 

What  argument  may  be  derived  from  the  context  1 

What  argument  does  Paul's  mode  of  expression  fur-^ 
nish  ? 

V/hat  is  the  meanmg  of  the  word  mystery?  Jlns. 
Something  hidden;  something  which  can  be  known 
only  by  divine  revelation ;  compare  ch.  16:  25.  1  Cor. 
2:  7.  4:  1,  where  the  gospel  is  called  a  mystery ;  and 
Eph.  3:  4.  1  Cor.  15:  51,  where  some  particular  doc- 
trine is  so  called. 

Why  did  the  apostle  wish  the  Gentiles  to  be  informed 
of  the  future  conversion  of  the  Jew^s  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  lest  ye  should  be 
wise  in  your  own  conceits  ?" 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  blindness  in  part  ?" 

How  long  is  this  bUndness  of  the  Jews  to  continue? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  fulness  of  the  Gen- 
tiles?" 

What  is  meant  by  the  words  be  come  in  ? 

What  event  is  to  follow  the  conversion  of  the  fulness 
of  the  Gentiles'? 

(26)  In  what  sense  is  the  word  Israel  to  be  understood? 
How  are  we  to  understand  the  declaration  that  all  Is- 
rael shall  be  saved  ? 

W^hat  passage  does  Paul  cite  in  support  of  this  doc- 
trine ?  Is.  59.  20. 

Who  is  intended  by  the  deliverer  here  spoken  of? 

What  does  the  prophet  predict  that  he  should  accom- 
plish ? 

How  does  it  appear  that  this  prophecy  includes  the  ge- 
neral conversion  of  the  Jews  ? 

How  is  Paul's  quotation  of  Is.  59:  20  to  be  reconciled 
with  the  passage  as  it  stands  in  the  Old  Testament  1 

(27)  Does  this  verse  contain  a  quotation  from  any  one 
passage  in  the  Old  Testament  ] 

What  is  its  general  meaning  ? 

To  what  does  the  word  this  refer,  m  the  clause  "  for  thii} 
is  iny  covenant  ?" 


135 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  when  I  shall  take 
away  their  sin  ?" 

(28)  What  is  the  design  of  this  and  the  following 
verse  ?  Ans.  They  contain  a  recapitulation  of  what 
Paul  had  taught  in  the  pievious  verses. 

To  whom  are  the  Jews  said  to  be  enemies  1 

W^hat  is  here  intended  by  saying  they  were  enemies  of 
God? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  as  concerning  the 
gospel  ?" 

Why  were  the  Jews  thus  treated  as  enemies  1 

In  what  respect  are  they  yet  beloved  ? 

What  is  meant  by  saying  they  were  beloved  ] 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  as  touching 
the  election!" 

Why  does  God  still  regard  the  Jews  with  special  fa- 
vour? 

(29)  How  does  this  verse  confirm  the  statement  of 
v.  28. 

What  is  the  general  truth  which  this  verse  contains  1 
I  what  i 

stood  ? 
Does  the  election  here  spoken  of  refer  to  an  election  to 

eternal  Ufe,  or  to  external  religious  advantages  ? 

(30,  31)  What  do  these  verses  contain  } 

In  what  state  were  the  Gentiles  formerly  ? 

How  did  they  obtain  mercy  1 

How  was  the  unbelief  of  the  Jews  the  reason  of  the 

salvation  of  the  Gentiles  ? 
In  what  state  are  the  Jews  now  ? 
By  what  means  is  their  restoration  to  be  effected  ? 

(32)   What  is  the  meaning  of  the  words  hath  con- 

chidedP  see  Gal.  3:  22. 
In  what  sense  has  God  given  all  up  to  unbelief] 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  latter  clause  of  this  verse  ] 
What  is  the  apostle's  object  in  this  verse  ? 


136 


{23)  To  what  does  the  passage  vs.  33 — 36  relate  ? 

What  are  the  principal  ideas  included  in  it  1 

What  is  the  difference  here  between  the  words  -wisdom 
and  knoxvledge  ? 

To  what  exhibition  of  the  divine  wisdom  and  know- 
ledge does  Paul  here  refer  ] 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  words  his  judgments  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  words  Ms  tvdys  ? 

(34)  What  is  the  force  oi  for  here  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  "  mind  of  the  Lord  ?" 
In  what  respect  is  God  here  declared  to  be  independent 
of  man  1 

(35)  What  is  the  purport  of  this  verse  1  Aiis.  That 
no  creature  can  place  God  under  any  obligation. 

How  does  this  apply  to  the  doctrines  which  Paul  had 
been  teaching  1 

(36)  What  is  the  reason  why  no  creature  can  make 
God  his  debtor  ? 

What  is  intended  by  the  expressions  "  o/him,"  "  through 
him"  and  ''to  him?" 

What  led  the  apostle  to  the  declaration  of  the  all-suffi- 
ciency and  sovereignty  of  God  ] 


Doctrines. 

What  is  taught  in  this  passage  as  to  a  general  con- 
version of  the  Jews?  see  vs.  11,  31.  vs.  12,  15,  and 
V.  25. 

What  is  taught  as  to  the  unity  of  the  church  in  vs. 
17—24  ? 

What  doctrine  as  to  the  providence  of  God  is  taught  in 
vs.  U,  3n 

What  doctrine  respecting  the  responsibility  of  organized 
communities  is  taught  in  vs.  1 1 — 24  ? 

On  what  does  the  security  of  every  society  depend  ? 


137 

What  do  vs.  1 6,  28,  29,  teach  respecting  the  covenant 

of  God? 
What  important  truth  is  taught  in  vs.  33 — 36  > 

Remarks. 

What  effect  ought  the  mutual  relation  of  Clu-istiaiis 
and  Jews  to  produce  on  us  ? 

What  lessons  should  the  deaUngs  of  God  with  the  Jews 
teach  us  ? 

In  what  light  ought  wc  to  regard  a  connexion  with  the 
covenant  people  of  God  }  vs.  16,  27 — 29. 

W^hat  solemn  admonition  does  the  fate  of  the  Jews  sug- 
gest? vs.  19—24. 

W^hat  is  our  duty  in  reference  to  tlie  restoration  of  the 
Jews?  vs.  13,  14. 

What  duty  arises  out  of  the  intimate  connexion  of  men 
as  members  of  the  same  society  ] 

W  hat  ground  of  consolation  and  hope  is  presented  in 
v.  29? 

What  test  of  Chiistian  character  is  suggested  by  vs. 
33—36  > 

What  criterion  of  doctrinal  truth  do  these  verses  pre- 
sent? 


CHAPTER    XII. 

Of  how  many  parts  does  this  chapter  consist  ?     Ans. 

Two,  vs.  1—8,  and  vs.  9-21. 
Of  what  does  the  first  ti-eat?     Ans.  Of  piety  towards 

God,  and  of  humiUty. 
What  is  the  subject  ef  the  second  ?     Ans.  Love. 


138 


CHAP.  13:  1—8. 

il  beseech  you  therefore,  brethren,  by  the  mercies 
of  God,  that  ye  present  your  bodies  a  hving  sacrifice, 
holy,  acceptable  unto  God,  tvhich  is  your  reasonable 
service,  ^^nd  be  not  conformed  to  this  world;  but  be 
ye  transformed  by  the  renewing  of  your  mind,  that  ye 
may  prove  what  is  that  good,  and  acceptable,  and  per- 
fect will  of  God.  ^For  I  say,  through  the  gi-ace  given 
unto  me,  to  every  man  that  is  among  you,  not  to  think 
of  himself  more  highly  than  he  ought  to  think ;  but  to 
think  soberly,  according  as  God  hath  dealt  to  every  man 
the  measure  of  faith.  -^For  as  we  have  many  members 
in  one  body,  and  all  members  have  not  the  same  office ; 
5so  we,  being  many,  are  one  body  in  Christ,  and  every 
one  members  one  of  another.  ^Having  then  gifts  differ- 
ing according  to  the  grace  that  is  given  to  us,  whether 
prophecy,  let  us  prophesy  according  to  the  proportion 
of  faith ;  "or  ministry,  let  us  -wait  on  our  ministering ; 
or  he  that  teacheth,  on  teaching ;  ^or  he  that  exhorteth, 
on  exhortation :  he  that  giveth,  let  him  do  it  with  sim- 
plicity ;  he  that  ruleth,  with  diUgence ;  he  that  sheweth 
mercy,  with  cheerfulness. 

Analysis. 

What  is  the  first  deduction  drawn  from  the  doctrines 
which  the  apostle  had  been  teaching?  vs.  1,  2. 

What  is  the  second  ?  vs.  3 — 5. 

How  ought  the  various  gifts  of  Christians  to  be  exer- 
cised ]  vs.  6—8. 


Commeyitary. 

(1)  What  is  the  connexion  of  this  verse  with  what  goes 

before  ? 
What  mercies  of  God  does  Paul  here  especially  refer  toT 


139 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  by  the  mer- 
cies of  God  ?" 

What  is  the  duty  which  Paul  thus  urges  Christians  to 
perform  1 

How  is  the  expression  "  that  ye  present  your  bodies^'  to 
be  understood  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  living  sacrifice  1" 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  holy  to  be  taken  ? 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  word  acceptable?  compare 
Eph.  5:  2.  Phil.  4:  iS. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  reasonable 
service  ?" 

(2)  What  is  the  duty  enjoined  in  this  verse  } 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  world  to  be  here  understood  ? 

compare  2  Cor.  4:  4.  Eph.  2:  2. 
Why  is  this  term  used  to  designate  the  wicked  } 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  conformed? 
What  is  meant  by  the  word  transformed  ? 
What  is  the  nature  of  the  change  here  spoken  of? 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  the  renewing  of  your 

mind?" 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  mind  to  be  understood  ?  ch. 

1:  28.  Eph.  4:  17,  23. 
What  is  the  force  of  the  word  that  in  the  clause  "  that 

ye  may  be  able,  &c." 
What  is  meant  here  by  the  word  prove  ? 
How  are  the  terms  good,  acceptable  and  perfect  to  be 

understood  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  words  loill  of  God  P 

(3)  To  what  duty  are  Christians  here  exhorted  ? 
What  seems  to  have  led  to  this  exhortation  to  humility? 

Jlns.  The  abuse  among  the  early  Christians  of  their 
various  spiritual  gifts ;  compare  1  Cor.  12th  and  14th 
chapters. 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  grace  to  be  understood  ? 

What  1-3  meant  by  the  expression  "  through  the  grace 


140 


given  unto  me?"     Ans.  In  virtue  of  the  authority 

arising  from  my  office  and  gifts. 
What  is  the  meanmg  of  the  word  think  in  this  place  } 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  to  think  of  oneself  too 

highly?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  to  think  sO' 

berlyr\ 
How  is  the  phrase  "  according  to  the  measure  of  faith" 

to  be  understood  1 
Who  determines  "  the  measure  of  faith"  which  every 

man  receives  ? 
(4,  5)   What  is  the  design  of  the   apostle   in   these 

verses  ] 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  one  body  in 

Christ  1"     Ans.  One  Christian  body;  one  in  virtue 

of  our  union  to  Christ. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "every  one 

members  one  of  another  ?" 
What  constitutes  the  body  one }     Ans.  The  soul. 
What  constitutes  Cliristians  one  1 

(6)  What  inference  does  the  apostle  draw  from  the  fact 
that  Christians  are  one  body  ? 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  word  gifts  ? 

What  is  the  origin  of  the  diversity  of  these  gifts  ?  com- 
pare 1  Cor.  4:  7.  12:  4,  11. 

What  is  the  first  gift  here  mentioned? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  prophet  in  the  Old 
Testament  ?  Ans.  Interpreter,  one  who  explains  or 
delivers  the  will  of  another;  see  Ex.  7:  1. 

What  is  its  meaning  in  the  New  Testament  1  see  Luke 
7:  24—29.  John  4:  19.  1  Cor.  14:  29—32. 

How  did  the  prophets  of  the  New  Testament  differ 
from  the  apostles  ? 

How  did  they  differ  from  the  teachers  } 

What  then  is  here  to  be  understood  by  the  gift  of  pro- 
phecy? 1  Cor.  13:  2.  14:  4,  24. 

How  is  this  gift  to  be  exercised  ? 


141 


In  what  sense  is  the  woul  faith  to  be  here  understood  1 

see  Gal.  1:  23.  3:  23. 
What  is  the  meanmg  here  of  the  word  proportion  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  whole  phrase  "  according 

to  the  analogy  of  faith }"  compare   1  Cor.  14:  37. 

1  John  4:  1,  6. 

(7)  In  what  sense  are  the  words  minister  and  minister- 
i7ig  used  in  the  New  Testament]  see  1  Cor.  3:  5.  Eph. 
3:  7.  1  Cor.  12:  5,  and  also  Acts  6:  1—3.  1  Tim.  3: 
8—12. 

In  which  of  these  senses  are  they  to  be  understood 

here] 
What  class  of  officers  is  intended  by  teachers  ?  compare 

1  Cor.  12:  28,  29. 

How  are  they  distinguished  from  the  apostles  and  the 
prophets  ? 

(8)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  first  direction  contained 
in  this  verse  ? 

To  what  class  of  persons  does  the  next  direction  refer] 
What  is  the   meaning  of   the  word  simplicity  ?  see 

2  Cor.  1:  12.  Eph.  6:  5.  Col.  3:  22. 

What  class  of  officers  are  here  specially  referred  to  ? 

1  Tim.  5:  17. 
What  is  the  force  of  the  term  diligence  here  ] 
To  what  class  of  duties  does  the  next  direction  refer? 

Doctrines. 
What  important  principle  is  implied  in  v.  1 1 
What  is  the  first  great  duty  of  redeemed  sinners?  y.  1, 
What  is  taught  of  regeneration  in  v.  2  ? 
Who  is  the  giver  of  all  honours,  talents  and  graces  ? 

vs.  3,  6. 
In  what  relation  do  Christians  stand  to  each  other  ?  vs. 

4,5. 
What  is  taught  in  relation  to  church  officers  in  vs.  6 — 8! 


142 


Remarks. 
What  criterion  of  character  is  suggested  in  v.  1  ? 
What  does  v.  2  teach  with  respect  to  conformity  to  the 

world  ? 
What  corrective  for  ambition  and  envy  is  suggested  in 

V.  3  1 
What  effect  ought  the  union  of  Christians  with  each 

other  and  with  Christ  to  have  on  them  ?  vs.  4,  5. 
Wherein  does  true  honour  consist  ?  vs.  6 — 8. 
What  is  the  duty  of  men  as  to  remaining  in  the  sphere 

which  God  has  assigned  them  ?  vs.  6 — 8. 
What  is  the  duty  of  all  teachers  as  to  adhering  to  the 

standard  of  truth? 


CHAP.  12:  9—21. 

^Let  love  be  without  dissimulation.  Abhor  that 
which  is  evil ;  cleave  to  that  which  is  good.  ^^Be  kind- 
ly affectioned  one  to  another  with  brotherly  love ;  in  ho- 
nour preferring  one  another;  I'not  slothful  in  business; 
fervent  in  spirit;  servmg  the  Lord;  '-rejoicing  in  hope; 
patient  in  tribulation;  continuing  instant  in  prayer; 
31  distributing  to  the  necessity  of  saints ;  given  to  hospi- 
tality. '■^Bless  them  which  persecute  you :  bless,  and 
curse  not.  i^jjejoice  with  them  that  do  rejoice,  and 
weep  with  them  that  weep.  ^^Be  of  the  same  mind 
ojie  toward  another.  Mind  not  high  things,  but  conde- 
scend to  men  of  low  estate.  Be  not  wise  in  your  own 
conceits.  ''Recompense  to  no  man  evil  for  evil.  Pro- 
vide things  honest  in  the  sight  of  all  men.  ''If  it  be 
possible,  as  much  as  lieth  in  you,  live  peaceably  with  all 
men.  '9j)early  beloved,  avenge  not  yourselves ;  but 
rather  give  place  unto  wrath :  for  it  is  written.  Ven- 
geance is  mine ;  I  will  repay,  saitli  the  Lord.  ^^^There- 
fore  if  thine  enemy  hunger,  feed  liim ;  if  he  tliirst,  give 
him  drink :  for  in  so  doing  thou  shalt  heap  coals  of  fire 


143 

on  his  head.     21  Be  not  overcome  of  evil,  but  overcoma 
evil  with  good. 

Analysis. 

What  is  taught  respecting  Christian  love  in  v.  9  ? 
What  are  the  results  of  this  love  as  stated  in  v.  101 
What  results  are  stated  in  vs.  11,  12  1 
What  in  vs.  13,  14] 
Whatin  vs.  15,  16? 
Wliat  in  vs.  17—21  ? 

Commentary. 

(9)  What  love  is  here  intended] 

In  what  sense  are  the  words  loithoiU  dissimulation  id 

be  taken  ? 
In  what  sense  are  the  words  evil  and  good  to  be  here 

understood  ? 

(10)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  words  kindly  affec" 
tioned? 

How  is  the  clause  "  in  honour  preferring  one  another  ?" 

(11)  How  is  the  expression  "  not  slothful  in  business" 
to  be  understood  ? 

W^hat  is  meant  by  being  "  fervent  in  spirit  .^" 
What  is  the  force  of  the  clause  "  serving  the  Lord  ?" 

(12)  To  what  duties  does  this  verse  refer  } 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  rejoicing  in  hope  ]'* 
What  duty  is  incumbent  on  Christians  under  affliction  ? 
How  does  hope  tend  to  produce  patience  ? 
How  are  hope  and  patience  to  be  sustained  ?     Ans.  By 

intercourse  with  God. 
What  is  )neant  by  the  expression  "  continuing  instant 

in  prayer?" 

(13)  How  is  the  word  distributing  to  be  here  under- 
stood ? 

What  class  of  persons  is  intended  by  the  word  saints  ? 


144 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  given  to  hospita- 
lity." 

What  circumstances  rendered  hospitality  so  important 
a  duty  among  the  early  Christians  ? 

(14)  What  is  the  Christian's  duty  with  regard  to  those 
who  persecute  him  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  words  to  bless  ? 

(15)  What  other  exercise  of  love  is  here  enjoined  ? 

(16)  How  is  the  command  to  "be  of  one  mind"  to  be 
understood  ?  see  2  Cor.  13: 11.  Phil.  2:  2. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "mind  not 

high  things  V 
How  is  the  clause  "  condescend  to  men  of  low  estate" 

to  be  understood  1 
What  species  of  pride  is  forbbiden  in  the  last  clause  of 

this  verse  } 

(17)  What  is  the  design  of  this  and  the  following  verses? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  first  clause  of  this  verse  ? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  proxdde  to  be  here  under- 
stood 7  compare  2  Cor.  8:  20. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  this  clause  ?. 

(18)  What  duty  is  enjoined  in  this  verse  ? 
Why  does  Paul  say  if  it  be  possible  ? 

What  is  the  force  of  the  expression  "  as  much  as  lieth 
myour' 

(19)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  command  "avenge 
not  yourselves  ?" 

W^hat  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  give  place 

unto  ?"  see  Eph.  4:  27. 
Whose  wrath  are  we  required  to  g^ve  place  to  ? 
Why  should  we  yield  to  God  the  office  of  inflicting 

punishment  ? 
Where  does  he  claim  that  it  is  his  prerogative  to  take 

vengeance  ?  Deut.  32:  35. 

(20)  How  b  the  first  clause  of  this  verse  to  be  under- 
stood .^ 


145 


What  is  the  force  of  the  word  for  before  the  second 
clause  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "to  heap  coals  of 
fire  on  the  head  ?"  Ans.  To  inflict  the  severest  pun- 
ishment on  any  one ;  compare  Prov.  25:  22.  Ps.  140j 
10. 

What  is  the  allusion  in  this  figurative  expression  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  passage  in  this  connexion? 
Ans.  Treat  your  enemy  kindly,  for  tliis  is  the  most 
effectual  way  of  subduing  him. 

(21)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "be  over- 
come of  evil  ?" 

How  are  we  to  endeavour  to  subdue  our  enemies  ? 

Doctmnes. 
What  is  taught  in  v.  9,  concerning  Christian  love  ? 
In  v/hat  relation  do  Christians  stand  to  each  other?  v.  10. 
What  is  the  relation  between  religion  and  morality  ?  v.- 

11. 
What  is  the  source  of  the  Christian's  strength  and  lifef 
In  what  relation  do  all  men  stand  to  each  other?  v.  15/ 
What  source  of  pride  is  pointed  out  in  v.  16  ? 
What  rule  of  duty  is  presented  in  vs.  17 — 21  ? 
What  is  taught  concerning  revenge  in  vs.  11 — 21  ? 

Remarks. 
In  what  light  do  these  verses  present  the  importancef  of 

moral  duties  ? 
What  characteristic  trait  of  the  spirit  of  the  gospel  is^ 

presented  in  vs.  9 — 13  ? 
What  is  the  nature  of  true  benevolence?  v.  ll. 
In  what  light  ought  the  duties  of  alms-giving  and  hos-^ 

pitality  to  be  viewed?  v.  13. 
What  distinguishing  trait  of  Christian  character  is  pr^ 

sented  in  vs.  19 — 21  ? 
In  what  light  is  goodness  presented  in  vs.  20,  21  ? 
N 


146 


CHAPTER    XIII. 


What  is  the  leading  topic  of  this  chapter  ? 
What  duties  are  enjoined  in  vs.  1 — 7  ? 
What  is  the  purport  of  vs.  8 — 10  } 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  II — 14.'* 


CHAP.  13:  1—14. 

iLet  every  soul  be  subject  unto  the  higher  powers. 
For  there  is  no  power  but  of  God  :  the  powers  that  be 
are  ordained  of  God.  2\Yi^osoever  therefore  resisteth 
the  power,  resisteth  the  ordmance  of  God :  and  they  that 
resist  shall  receive  to  themselves  damnation.  ^Por  rulers 
are  not  a  teiror  to  good  works,  but  to  the  evil.  Wilt 
thou  then  not  be  afraid  of  the  power  ?  do  that  which  is 
good,  and  thou  shalt  have  praise  of  the  same:  *^for  he  is 
the  minister  of  God  to  thee  for  good.  But  if  thou  do 
that  which  is  evil,  be  afraid;  for  he  beaireth  not  the 
sword  in  vain :  for  he  is  the  minister  of  God,  a  revenger 
to  execute  wrath  upon  him  that  doeth  evil.  ^  Wherefore 
ye  must  needs  be  subject,  not  only  for  wrath,  but  also 
for  conscience'  sake.  ^For  this  cause  pay  ye  tribute 
also ;  for  they  are  God's  ministers,  attending  continually 
upon  this  very  thing.  "'Render  therefore  to  all  their 
dues ;  tribute  to  whom  tribute  is  due;  custom  to  whom 
custom ;  fear  to  whom  fear  ;  honour  to  whom  honoiir. 
sQwe  no  man  any  thing,  but  to  love  one  another :  for 
'le  that  loveth  another  hath  fulfilled  the  law.  ^For  this, 
Thou  shalt  not  commit  adultery,  Thou  shalt  not  kill, 
Thou  shalt  not  steal,  Thou  shalt  not  bear  false  witness, 
Thou  shalt  not  covet ;  and  if  there  be  any  other  com- 
mandment, it  is  briefly  comprehended  in  this  saying, 
namely.  Thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbour  as  thyself. 
loLove  worketh  no  ill  to  his  neighbour ;  therefore  love 


147 

is  the  fulfilling  of  the  law.  uAnd  that,  knowing  the 
time,  that  now  it  is  high  time  to  awake  out  of  sleep : 
for  now  is  our  salvation  nearer  than  when  we  believed. 
i2The  night  is  far  spent,  the  day  is  at  hand :  let  us 
therefore  cast  off  the  works  of  darkness,  and  let  us  put 
on  the  armour  of  hght.  ^^het  us  walk  honestly,  as  in 
the  day ;  not  in  rioting  and  drunkenness,  not  in  cham- 
bering and  w^antonness,  not  in  strife  and  envying.  i-^But 
put  ye  on  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  make  not  pro- 
vision for  the  flesh,  to  fu{fil  the  lusts  thereof. 

Analysis. 
On  what  ground  is  obedience  to  magistrates  enjoined  in 

vs.  1,  2  1 
What  motive  for  the  discharge  of  this  duty  is  presented 

in  vs.  3,  4  ? 
What  is  the  motive  presented  in  v.  5  ? 
What  duties  are  inferred  from  the  preceding  passage  in 

vs.  6,  7  > 
What  other  duties  are  enjoined  in  vs.  8 — 10] 
What  motive  for  an  exemplary  lifd  is  presented  in  vs. 

11— 14i> 

Commentary. 

(1)  What  is  the  force  of  the  expression  every  soul? 
In  what  sense  are  the  words  the  higher  poivers  to  be 

understood  } 
W  hy  were  the  Jews  pecuharly  indisposed  to  submit  to 

heathen  magistrates  ? 
Why  are  we  bound  to  submit  to  our  rulers  ? 
How  is  the  word  power  to  be  understood  in  the  first 

clause  of  this  sentence  ? 
In  what  sense  is  government  ordained  of  God] 

(2)  What  inference  does  Paul  draw  from  the  doctrine 
of  the  first  verse  } 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  po-cver  here  ^ 


148 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  resisteth  the 

ordinance  of  God?" 
What  will  be  the  consequence  of  this  resistance  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  damnation  ? 
What  is  the  nature  and  extent  of  the  obedience  here 

enjoined  ? 

(3)  With  what  is  this  verse  to  be  connected  } 

What  additional  motive  for  obedience  is  here  presented? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  is  not  a  ter- 
ror to  good  works  1" 

What  is  the  purport  of  the  latter  part  of  this  verse  ? 
Ans.  That  the  proper  way  to  escape  the  punishment, 
which  magistrates  are  authorized  to  inflict,  is  not  by 
resistance,  but  by  obedience. 

(4)  W  hat  is  the  design  of  this  verse  1 

For  what  purpose  are  magistrates  appointed  \ 

W  hat  other  purpose,  besides  the  protection  of  the  good, 
does  their  appointment  contemplate?  Ans.  The 
punishment  of  the  wicked.  " 

What  inference  does  Paul  draw  from  this  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  to  bear  the  sxuord? 

(5)  What  motives  are  presented  in  this  verse  ] 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  for  wrath  ?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  for  conscience 

sakel" 

(6)  What  special  duty  is  deduced  from  the  forgoing 
discussion  ? 

How  does  Paul  enforce  the  duty  of  paying  tribute  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  ininisters  ? 
To  what  do  the  words  thin  very  thing  refer? 

(7)  What  more  general  inference  is  here  drawn  out  ? 
W'hat  is  the  force  of  the  word  therefore? 

What  is  the  difference  between  the  words  tribute  and 

custom  P 
What  is  the  difference  between  fear  and  honour  P 

(8)  What  is  the  meaning  of  this  verse  ? 


149 


How  is  the  expression  "  owe  no  man  any  thing"  to  be 

understood  ? 
"What  obUgation  must  ever  remain  binding  ? 
Why  is  love  thus  perpetually  obligatory  ? 
In  what  sense  is  love  the  fulfilHng  of  the  law  > 

(9)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 
What  class  of  duties  is  here  enumerated  1 
What  one  command  includes  all  these  duties? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  command  "  thou  shalt  love 

thy  neighbour  as  thyself?" 

(10)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 

How  does  it  prove  that  love  is  the  fulfilling  of  the  law  ? 

(11)  What  exhortation  is  contained  in  this  and  the 
following  verses  ? 

By  what  consideration  is  this  exhortation  enforced  1 

What  is  the  force  of  the  words  ajid  that  at  the  begin- 
ning of  this  verse  1  Jins.  The  rather  because  ye 
know. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  knowing  the 
time  ?" 

What  duty  is  it  time  to  perform  ? 

What  is  intended  here  by  the  phrase  "  our  salvation  ]" 

In  what  sense  is  our  salvation  nearer  than  when  we 
believed  ] 

How  may  it  be  proved  that  the  apostles  did  not  expect 
the  second  advent  of  Christ  to  occur  during  their  life 
time  ?  see  2  Thess.  2:  1—3. 

(12)  What  is  meant  here  by  the  expression  "  the  night 
is  far  spent  ?" 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  day  being  at  hand  1" 

What  effect  ought  the  nearness  of  eternity  to  have  upon 

us] 
What  is  meant  by  the  works  of  darkness  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  armour  of  light  ? 

(13)  In  what  sense  is  the  word  honestly  to  be  here 
understood  .>* 


150 

What  are  the  three  classes  of  sin  to  which  Paul  here 
refers  ? 

(14)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  to  put 
on  Christ  ?"  see  Gal.  3:  27. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  make  not  pro- 
vision fori" 

In  what  sense  is  the  word ^/lesh  to  be  here  understood? 

Doctri7ies. 

What  doctrine  respecting  civil  government  is  taught  in 
V.  2? 

In  what  sense  is  government  a  matter  of  divine  ap- 
pointment? vs.  1 — 7. 

How  may  it  be  proved  that  we  are  not  to  render  un- 
limited obedience  to  civil  magistrates  1 

What  is  the  design  of  civil  government  ? 

How  does  it  appear  that  religion  is  not  within  the 
sphere  of  the  power  of  the  state] 

In  what  light  do  vs.  5 — 7  present  all  civil  and  social  du- 
ties ? 

Hemarks. 
How  does  the  adaptedness  of  the  Christian  religion  to  all 

states  of  society,  and  all  forms  of  government,  appear 

from  this  passage  ? 
How  does  the  gospel  tend  to  counteract  both  tyranny 

and  anarchy  ?  v.  5. 
In  what  relation  is  God  to  be  considered  as  standing  to 

civil  rulers  and  governments'?  vs.  1 — 5. 
On  what  principle  are   wicked  rulers  to  be  obeyed? 

vs.  3,  4. 
In  what  light  is  the  duty  oF  leve  presented  in  vs.  7,  8  ? 
What  effect  ought  the  nearness  of  eternity  to  produce 

upon  us?  vs.  13,  14. 
Wh^t  comprehensive  duty  is  enjoined  in  v.  14  ] 


151 


CHAPTER    XIV. 


To  what  class  of  duties  does  this  chapter  principally 

refer  ? 
What  is  the  subject  of  vs.  1 — 12  > 
What  is  the  subject  of  vs.  1 3—23  1 


CHAP.  14:  1—23. 

iHim  that  is  weak  in  the  faith  receive,  but  not  to 
doubtful  disputations.  ^For  one  beheveth  that  he  may- 
eat  all  things  ;  another,  who  is  weak,  eateth  herbs.  ^Let 
not  him  that  eateth  despise  him  that  eateth  not ;  and  let 
not  him  which  eateth  not  judge  him  that  eateth ;  for 
God  hath  received  him.  ^Who  art  thou  that  judgest 
another  man's  servant  f*  to  his  own  master  he  standeth 
or  faileth.  Yea,  he  shall  be  holden  up :  for  God  is  able 
to  make  liim  stand.  -^One  man  esteemeth  one  day  above 
another :  another  esteemeth  every  day  alike.  Let  every 
man  be  fully  persuaded  in  his  own  mind.  "^He  that  re- 
gardeth  the  day,  regardeth  it  unto  the  Lord ;  and  he 
that  regardeth  not  the  day,  to  the  Lord  he  doth  not  re- 
gard zY.  He  that  eateth,  eateth  to  the  Lord;  for  he 
giveth  God  thanks :  and  he  that  eateth  not,  to  the  Lord 
he  eateth  not ;  and  giveth  God  thanks.  -For  none  of 
us  liveth  to  himself,  and  no  man  dieth  to  himself.  ^For 
whether  we  live,  we  live  unto  the  Lord;  and  whether 
we  die,  we  die  unto  the  Lord :  whether  we  live  there- 
fore, or  die,  we  are  the  Lord's.  -For  to.this  end  Christ 
both  died,  and  rose,  and  revived,  that  he  might  be  Lord 
both  of  the  dead  and  living,  icgut  why  dost  thou  judge 
thy  brother  ]  or  why  dost  thou  set  at  naught  thy  bro- 
ther 1  for  we  shall  all  stand  before  the  judgment  seat  of 
Christ.  iiFor  it  is  written,  ^s  I  live,  saith  the  Lord, 
every  knee  shall  bow  to  me,  and  every  tongue  shall  con- 


152 


fess  to  God.  i2go  then  eveiy  one  of  us  shall  give  ac- 
count of  himself  to  God.  '^Let  us  not  therefore  judge 
one  another  any  more :  but  judge  this  rather,  that  no 
man  put  a  stumbling-block  or  an  occasion  to  fall  in  his 
brother's  way.  i^I  know,  and  am  persuaded  by  the 
Lord  Jesus,  that  there  is  nothing  unclean  of  itself:  but 
to  him  that  esteemeth  any  thing  to  be  unclean,  to  him 
it  is  unclean.  i^B^t  jf  thy  brother  be  grieved  with  thy 
meat,  now  walkest  thou  not  charitably.  Destroy  not 
him  with  thy  meat,  for  whom  Christ  died.  i^Let  not 
then  your  good  be  evil  spoken  of.  i''For  the  kingdom 
of  God  is  not  meat  and  drink ;  but  righteousness,  and 
peace,  and  joy,  in  the  Holy  Ghost.  ''For  he  that  in 
these  things  serveth  Christ,  is  acceptable  to  God,  and 
approved  of  men.  I'^Let  us  therefore  follow  after  the 
things  which  make  for  peace,  and  things  wherewith  one 
may  edify  another,  ^opor  meat  destroy  not  the  work  of 
God.  All  things  indeed  are  pure;  hxiiitis  evil  for  that 
man  who  eateth  with  offence.  21/jf  {g  good  neither  to 
eat  flesh,  nor  to  drink  wine,  nor  any  thing  whereby  thy 
brother  stumbleth,  or  is  offended,  or  is  made  weak. 
22Hast  thou  faith  r*  have  it  to  thyself  before  God.  Happy 
is  he  that  condemneth  not  himself  in  that  thing  which 
he  alloweth.  23 And  he  that  doubteth  is  damned  if  he 
eat,  because  he  eateth  not  of  faith :  for  whatsoever  is 
not  of  faith  is  sin. 


Analysis. 

What  duty  is  enjoined  in  v.  1 1 

To  what  class  of  scrupulous  persons  does  Paul  particu- 
larly refer  ?  v.  2. 

What  is  the  first  argument  that  he  urges  in  support  of 
his  exhortation  ?  v.  3. 

What  is  the  second  ?  v.  4. 

What  is  the  tliird  ?  v.  5. 

What  is  the  fourth.^  vs.  6—9. 


153 

What  inference  is  drawn  from  these  arguments  in  vs. 
10—12? 

What  is  the  second  leading  topic  of  this  chapter  > 

What  does   Paul  teach  respecting   Christian  liberty  ? 
^ns.  That  it  is  not  to  be  given  up  or  denied. 

How  is  it  to  be  asserted  and  exercised  ]     A71S.  In  con' 
sistency  with  the  welfare  of  others. 

How  is  this  regard  for  our  brethren  in  this  matter  en- 
forced? V.  15. 

What  is  the  second  consideration  by  wliich  this  duty  is 
enforced  ?  v.  1 6. 

What  is  the  third  >  vs.  17,  18. 

What  is  the  fourth  .^  v.  19. 

What  is  the  fifth  1  vs.  20,  21. 

What  is  the  sixth  >  vs.  22,  23. 

Mi- 
Commentary. 

(1)  What  is  the  general  direction  contained   in  this 
verse  ? 

How  is  the  phrase  "  weak  in  faith"  to  be  understood  1 
What  is  meant  here  by  the  word  receive?  ch.  15:  7. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  not  to  doubt- 
ful disputations?" 

(2)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 

Whence  arose  the  scrupulousness  of  the  early  Chris- 
tians as  to  meats  and  days  ? 

(3)  What  is  the  general  direction  contained  in  this 
verse  ?    .ins.  To  exercise  mutual  forbearance. 

How  are  the  strong  to  treat  the  weak  ? 
How  are  the  weak  or  scrupulous  to  treat  the  strong  ? 
What  reason  is  assigned  for  the  course  here  enjoined  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  God  hath  received 
him  ?" 

(4)  What  farther  reason  is  assigned  for  this  duty  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  to  his  own  master 

he  standeth  or  falleth  ?" 


154 

What  is  the  design  of  the  last  clause  of  this  verse  1 
"What  is  meant  by  saying  "  he  shall  be  holden  up  ?" 
What  is  meant  by  saying  "  God  is  able  to  make  liim 
stand  ?" 

(5)  On  what  other  point  were  the  Jewish  converts 
scrupulous  ? 

How  does  it  appear  that  this  passage  does  not  refer  to 

the  observance  of  the  Christian  sabbath  1  compare 

Gal.  4:  10.  Col.  2:  16. 
What  is  the  general  principle  which  Paul  lays  down  in 

reference  to  matters  of  indifference  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  let  every  man  be 

fully  persuaded  in  his  own  mind?" 

(6)  What  is  the  fourth  argument  in  favour  of  mutual 
forbearance  1 

What  is  meant  here  by  the  expression  "  he  that  eateth?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  he  eateth  to 

the  Lord  V 
What  evidence  does  Paul  give  that  the  persons  referred 

to  acted  religiously  in  this  matter  ? 
What  evidence  does  he  give  that  the  other  class  also 

acted  religiously  1 

(7)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  none  of  us  liveth 
to  himself?" 

How  is  the  phrase  "  no  man  dieth  to  himself"  to  be  un- 
derstood ] 

(8)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse? 

In  what  sense  does  the  Christian  live  unto  the  Lord  ? 
In  what  sense  does  he  die  unto  the  Lord  i* 
What  inference  is  to  be  drawn  from  this  fact  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  we  are  the  Lord's  ?" 
Who  is  meant  here  by  "  the  Lord]" 
What  argument  for  the  divinity  of  Christ  does  this 
passage  contain  1 

(9)  How  did  Christ  attain  to  his  universal  dominion  > 


155 

How  did  his  death  and  resurrection  secure  this  univer- 
sal dominion  ?  compare  Phil.  2:  8,  9. 

In  what  sense  is  Christ  "  Lord  both  of  the  living  and 
the  dead  f"' 

(10)  What  is  the  design  of  vs.  10—12  ? 

To  what  class  of  persons  does  the  command  not  to 

judge  our  brethren  refer  } 
To  what  class  does  the  command  not  to  set  at  naught 

our  brethren  refer  1 
What  reason  is  given  for  these  commands  ] 

(11)  How  does  the  passage  here  quoted  differ  from  Is. 
45:  23  > 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expressions  "  every  knee 
shall  bow"  and  "  every  tongue  confess  1" 

How  is  tliis  passage  applicable  to  the  apostle's  pur- 
pose? 

What  argument  does  it  afford  for  th6  divinity  of  Christ] 

(12)  At  what  conclusion  does  Paul  arrive  in  "this  verse  T 
How  does  it  bear  on  the  subject  of  which  he  is  treat- 
ing? 

(13)  What  is  the  second  leading  topic  of  the  chapter? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  jud^e  to  be  taken  in  the  first 

clause  of  this  verse  ? 
In  what  sense  is  it  to  be  taken  in  the  second  clause  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  words  stumbling-block 

and  occasion  to  fall  ? 

(14)  What  is  the  general  purport  of  this  verse  ] 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  I  am  persuaded  by 

the  Lord  V'f 
How  is  the  expression  "  there  is  nothing  unclean  of  it- 
self" to  be  understood  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  last  clause  of  this  verse  1 
What  general  principle  of  duty  is  here  taught  ? 

(15)  What  reason  is  here  assigned  for  the  duty  enjoined 
in  the  preceding  verse  ?  , 


156 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  grieved  to  be  here  under-^ 

stood  ?  >       ' 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  destroy  not  ?" 
By  what  motive  does  Paul  enforce  his  direction  ? 

(16)  What  is  meant  here  by  the  phrase  "  your  good?" 
What  argument  is  here  presented  for  the  duty  of  re- 
garding the  welfare  of  others  in  the  use  of  our  liberty? 

(17)  What  is  the  general  meaning  of  the  phrase 
"  kingdom  of  God"  in  the  New  Testament  1 

What  is  its  meaning  here  ? 

With  what  are  the  words  in  the  Holy  Ghost  to  be  con- 
nected ? 

What  is  their  meaning  ? 

In  what  does  true  religion,  according  to  this  passage, 
consist  1 

How  does  this  passage  bear  on  the  apostle's  object? 

(18)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 
To  what  do  the  words  these  things  refer  ? 

How  is  the  exercise  of  the  graces  spoken  of  in  v.  17  a 

\    sei-vice  rendered  to  Christ  % 

What  does  this  prove  with  regard  to  the  character  of 

Christ  > 
What  is  meant  by  the  expressions  "  acceptable  to  God" 

and  "  approved  of  men  ?" 

(19)  From  what  is  this  verse  an  inference? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  the  things  which 
make  for  peace?" 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  the  tilings  where- 
with one  may  edify  another  ?" 

(20)  W^hat  do  the  words  the  -work  of  God  here  mean? 
What  is  the  purport  of  the  command  "  for  meat  destroy 

not  the  work  of  God  ?" 
On  what  prihciple  is  forbearance  here  urged  ? 
To  what  do  the  words  all  things  refer  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  to  eat  with 

offence?" 


157 

(21)  What  is  the  meanmg  of  the  words  it  is  good? 
How  do  the  words,  stumbled,  offended,  made  -weak 

differ  > 
On  what  ground  did  some  of  the  early  Christians  think 

it  right  to  abstain  from  wine  ? 
Under  what  circumstances  is   abstinence  from  meat, 

wine,  &c.  here  said  to  be  obligatory  ? 

(22)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  question  "  Hast  thou  faith  ?" 
In  what  sense  is' the  word  faith  to  be  here  understood? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  have  it  to  thyself  j*"^ 
W^hat  is  the  force  of  the  words  before  God? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  last  clause  of  this  verse  ? 
How  is  the  faith  here  spoken  of  a  great  blessing  ? 

(23)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  damned  here  ? 
see  ch.  13:  2. 

Why  is  he  that  doubteth  liable  to  condemnation  if  he 

eat? 
In  what  sense  is  the  word  faith  to  be  here  understood  1 
W^hat  is  the  meaning  of  the  passage  "  whatsoever  is  not 

of  faith  is  sin  ?" 
What   bearing  has  this  verse  on   the   design  of  the 

apostle  ? 

Doctrines. 
What  important  doctrine  as  to  Christian  communion  is 

taught  in  this  passage?  vs.  1 — 12. 
What  criterion  of  Christian  character  is  presented  in 

vs.  6^8  ? 
What  arguments  for  the  divinity  of  Christ  does  this 

passage  afford?  see  vs.  6 — 8,  9,  10,  11. 
Wherein  does  true  religion  consist  ?  vs.  6,  7. 
By  what  rule  is  the  exercise  of  Chiistian  liberty  to  be 

regulated]   vs.  15,  20,  21. 
What  important  error  in  morals  do  vs.  13 — 23  teach  us 

to  guard  against  ? 
What  important  principles  of  morals  is  taught  in  v.  23? 
O 


158 


Remarks, 

What  duty  is  enjoined  in  vs.  1 — 12  ? 

How  is  a  censorious  disposition  shown  to  be  sinful  iii' 
vs.  4— 10? 

What  obligation  does  the  doctrine  of  vs.  8,  9  impose  ori 
Christians  > 

How  do  vs.  14,  23  teach  the  gteat  importance  of  main- 
taining a  conscience  free  from  bondage  to  human  au- 
thority ? 

Whence  does  the  importance  of  preserving  right  views 
of  duty  appear  }■ 

On  what  principle,  and  to  what  extent,  is  concession  to 
the  views  and  welfare  of  others  to  be  made  f* 

To  what  feelings  ought  wc  to  address  motives  to  excite 
others  to  the  discharge  of  duty  ]  vs.  15,  21. 

What  duty  is  deducible  from  the  doctrine  of  vs.  17,  18? 

How  are  the  peace  and  edification  of  the  church  to  be 
promoted?  vs.  19,  20. 

On  what  grounds  should  we  labour  to  obtain  an  en- 
lightened conscience  ? 


CHAPTER  XV. 

Of  how  many  parts  does  this  chapter  consist  1  A7iSi 
Two,  vs.  1—13,  and  vs.  14—33. 

What  is  the  design  of  the  first  part  ?  Ans.  To  enforce 
the  duty  enjoined  in  the  preceding  chapter. 

What  is  the  purport  of  the  second  part?  Ans.  It  con- 
tains a  declaration  of  Paul's  object  in  writing,  and  ar 
statement  of  his  future  plans. 


159 


CHAP.  15:  1—13. 

iWe  then  that  ai-e  strong  ought  to  bear  the  infirmities 
of  the  weak,  and  not  to  please  ourselves.  ^Let  every 
one  of  us  please  his  neighbour  for  his  good  to  edification. 
3For  even  Christ  pleased  not  himself;  but,  as  it  is  written, 
The  reproaches  of  them  that  reproached  thee  fell  on  me. 
■^For  whatsoever  things  were  written  aforetime  were  writ- 
ten for  our  learning,  that  we  through  patience  and  comfort 
of  the  Scriptures  might  have  hope,  ^^ow  the  God  of 
patience  and  consolation  grant  you  to  be  like-minded  one 
toward  another,  according  to  Christ  Jesus;  ^that  ye 
may  with  one  mind  a7id  one  mouth  glorify  God,  even 
the  Father  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  'Wherefore  re- 
ceive ye  one  another  as  Christ  also  received  us,  to  the 
glory  of  God.  -Now  I  say  that  Jesus  Christ  was  a 
minister  of  the  circumcision  for  the  truth  of  God,  to 
confirm  the  promises  made  unto  the  fathers ;  9and  that 
the  Gentiles  might  glorify  God  for  his  mercy;  as  it  is 
written.  For  this  cause  I  will  confess  to  thee  among  the 
Gentiles,  and  sing  unto  thy  name.  i^And  again  he 
saith,  Rejoice,  ye  Gentiles,  with  his  people.  "And 
again.  Praise  the  Lord,  all  ye  Gentiles ;  and  laud  him, 
all  ye  people,  ^^^nd  again,  Esaias  saith,  There  shall  be 
a  root  of  Jesse,  and  he  that  shall  rise  to  reign  over  the 
Gentiles ;  in  him  shall  the  Gentiles  trust.  isjYqw  the 
God  of  hope  fill  you  with  all  joy  and  peace  in  beheving, 
that  ye  may  abound  in  hope,  through  the  power  of  the 
Holy  Ghost. 

^7ialysis. 

What  is  the  object  of  vs.  1,  2?  ^?is.  It  contains  a 
repetition  of  the  command  to  consult  the  welfare  of 
others  rather  than  our  own  gratification. 

By  what  motive  does  Paul  enforce  this  command  in 
V.  3? 


160 

What  is  the  design  of  v.  4  ? 
For  what  does  Paul  pray  in  vs.  5,  6  ? 
What  is  the  purport  of  v.  71 
What  is  the  design  of  \s.  8—13  ] 


Commentary. 

(1)  Whence  is  the  inference,  indicated   by   the   ex- 
pression "  we  then  that,  &c."  drawn  ? 

Who  are  intended  here  by  the  strong'  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  word  infirmities  ?    ■ 
What  is  intended  by  the  clause  "and  not  to  please 
oiu-selves  ?" 

(2)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  1 

What  object  ought  we  to  have  in  view  in  seeking  to 

please  our  neighbour  ? 
How  is  the  expression  "  for  good  to  edification"  to  be 

understood  ? 

(3)  By  what  motive  does  Paul  enforce  the  command 
given  m  vs.  1,  2? 

With  what  view  does  Paul  quote  Ps.  69:  9  ? 
How  does  it  show  the  disinterestedness  of  Christ  ? 
How  does  it  appear  that  this  Psalm  refers  to  the  Mes- 
siah? see  John  2:  17.  15:  25.  19:  28. 

(4)  What  is  the  object  of  this  verse  1 

How  is  the  expression  "  through  patience  and  conso- 
lation of  the  scriptures"  to  be  understood  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "might  have  hope  ?" 

(5)  For  what  does  the  apostle  here  pray  ? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  God  of  patience?" 
How  is  the  phrase  "  to  be  like  minded  one  towards 

another"  to  be  understood  ? 
What  does  the  clause   "  according  to  Jesus    Christ" 

mean  ? 

(6)  Why  is  this  harmony  among  Christians  necessary? 
What  does  the  expression  "  God  even  the  Father  of 


161 

our  Lord  Jesus  Christ"  mean  !  see  2  Cor.  1:  3.  Eph. 
1:  3. 

(7)  What  is  the  duty  here  enjoined  ? 

To  whom  is  the  command  specially  directed  ? 
By  what  consideration  is  it  enforced  ? 
How  is  the  clause  "  to  the  glory  of  God"  to  be  ex- 
plained 1 

(8)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse  ? 

With  what  design  did  Christ  come  ?  v.  8,  and  v.  9. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  minister  of  the 
circumcision  ?" 

How  is  the  clause  ''  for  the  truth  of  God"  to  be  ex- 
plained ? 

(9)  What  is  the  design  of  this  verse? 
How  is  it  connected  with  v.  8  ? 

For  what  special  mercy  were  the  Gentiles  to  glorify  God? 
With  what  view  are  this  and  the  following  passages 
quoted  from  the  Old  Testament '? 

(10)  Whence  is  this  verse  taken?  compare  Deut.  32  : 
43,  and  Ps.  67 :  3,  5. 

(11)  Where  is  this  passage  found?  Ps.  117  :  1. 

(12)  Where  does  this  passage  occur  ?  Is.  11  :  1,  10. 
What  is  the  import  of  this  prediction  ? 

How  does  it  bear  on  the  apostle's  object  ? 

(13)  For  what  does  Paul  here  pray  ] 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  God  of  hope  ?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "joy  and  peace 

in  believing?" 
What  is  the  force  of  the  expression  "that  ye  may 

abound  in  hope  ?" 
By  whose  power  are  these  graces  produced  ? 


162 


CHAP.  15:  14—33. 

i^And  I  myself  also  am  persuaded  of  you,  my  breth- 
ren, that  ye  also  are  full  of  goodness,  filled  with  all 
knowledge,  able  also  to  admonish  one  another.     ^^Ne- 
vertheless,  brethren,  I   have  written  the  more    boldly 
unto  you  in  some  sort,  as  putting  you  in  mind,  be- 
cause of  the  grace  that  is  given  to  me  of  God,  '^that 
I  should  be  the  minister  of  Jesus  Clmst  to  the  Gen- 
tiles, ministering  the  gospel  of  God,  that  the  offering 
up  of  the  Gentiles  might  be  acceptable,  being  sancti- 
fied by  the  Holy  Ghost.     i"I  have  therefore  whereof  I 
may  glory  through  Jesus  Christ  in  those  things  which 
pertain  to  God.     i^For  I  will  not  dare  to  speak  of  any  of 
those  tilings  which  Christ  hath  not  wrought  by  me,  to 
make  the  Gentiles  obedient  by  word  and  deed,  ^''through 
mighty  signs  and  wonders,  by  the  power  of  the  Spirit  of 
God;  so  that  from  Jerusalem,  and  round  about  unto  Illyri- 
cum,  I  have  fully  preached  the  gospel  of  Christ.    20Yea,  so 
have  I  strived  to  preach  the  gospel,  not  where  Christ  was 
named,  lest  I  should  build  upon  another  man's  founda- 
tion :  2ibut  as  it  is  written.  To  whom  he  was  not  spoken 
of,  they  shall  see :  and  they  that  have  not  heard  shall 
understand.     22For  which  cause  also  I  have  been  much 
hindered  from  coming  to  you ;   ^^hxit  now  having  no 
more  place  in  these  parts,  and  having  a  great  desire 
these  many  years  to  come  unto  you  ;  24-v^rhensoeTer  I 
take  my  journey  into  Spain,  I  will  come  to  you :  for  I 
trust  to  see  you  in  my  journey  and  to  be  brought  on 
my  way  thitherward  by  you,  if  first  I  be  somewhat  filled 
with  your  company,     ^'^^ni  now  I  go  unto  Jerusalem  to 
minister  unto  the  saints.     26^ or  it  has  pleased  them  of 
Macedonia  and  Achaia  to  make  a  certain  contribution  for 
the  poor  saints  which  are  at  Jerusalem.    ^-Jt  hath  pleas- 
ed them,  verily :  and  their  debtors  they  are.     For  if  the 
Gentiles  have  been  made  partakers  of  their  spiritual 


163 

things,  their  duty  is  also  to  minister  unto  them  in  carnal 
things.  2s\Vhen,  therefore,  I  have  performed  this,  and 
have  sealed  to  them  this  fruit,  I  will  come  by  you  intd 
Spain.  ^"And  I  am  sure  that,  when  I  come  unto  you, 
I  shall  come  in  the  fulness  of  the  blessing  of  the  gospel 
of  .Christ.  20]>fow  I  beseech  you  brethren,  for  theXord 
Jesus  Christ's  sake,  and  for  the  love  of  the  spirit,  that 
ye  strive  together  with  me  in  yoiiv  prayers  to  God  for 
me ;  ^ithat  I  may  be  delivered  from  them  that  do  not 
believe  in  Judea ;  and  that  my  ser\dce  which  /  have  for 
Jeiusalem  may  be  accepted  of  the  saints :  22that  I  may 
come  unto  you  with  joy  by  the  will  of  God,  and  may 
with  you  be  refreshed,  ss^ow  the  God  of  peace  be 
with  you  all.     Amen. 

Analysis. 
What  is  the  purport  of  vs.  14,  15  ? 
On  what  ground  does  Paul  claim  the  right  to  speak 

authoritatively  to  the  Romans  ]  vs.  15,  16. 
What  is  the  design  of  vs.  17 — 21  > 
What  are  the  contents  of  vs.  22—28  > 
What  is  the  purport  of  vs.  29—33  > 

Commentary. 

(14)  With  what  \aew  does  Paul  express  his  confidence 
in  the  Romans  ? 

What  is  the  import  of  the  expressions  "  full  of  good 
ness"  and  "  filled  with  all  knowledge  ?" 

(15)  Why  then  did  Paul  write  to  them  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  words  more  boldly  P 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phi-ase  "  in  some  sort  .^" 
On  what  gi'ound  did  he  rest  his  claims  to  write  freely  to 

themi 
What  is  meant  here  by  the  words  the  grace  of  God  ? 

see  ch.  1 :  5. 

(16)  How  is  this  verse  connected  with  v.  15  ? 


164 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  minister  to  be  here  taken  ? 

see  eh.  13:  6.  Deut.  10  :  8.  Heb.  10  :  11. 
To  whom  was  Paul  particiilarly  sent  as  an  apostle  ? 

compare  Eph.  3  :  8. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  ministering 

the  gospel  of  God  ?'* 
With  what  view  did  he  thus  act  1 
What  is  the  meaning  of    the  expression    "that  the 

offering  up  of  the  Gentiles  might  be  acceptable  ?" 
How  were  the  Jewish  sacrifices  prepared  for  the  altar  1 
How  are  Christians  rendered  acceptable  to  God  ? 

(17)  What  is  the  force  of  the  word  therefore  P 
What  is  meant  by  saying  "I  have  whereof  to  glory?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  in  tilings  pertain- 
ing to  God  V 

What  is  the  design  of  this  and  the  following  verses  1 

(18)  How  had  God  born  witness  to  the  apostleship  of 
Paul? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  I  will  not  dare  to 

speak  &C.V' 
To  whom  does  Paul  attribute  the  success  of  his  labours? 
For  what  object  did  Paul  labour  ? 
How  did  Christ  render  his  labours  successful  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  by  word  and  deed  V* 

(19)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  first  clause  of  this 

7 


What  is  the  force  of  the  words  so  that  ? 

To  what  extent  had  Paul  preached  the  Gospel  ? 

Where  was  Illyricum  ? 

(20)  What  farther  proof  of  his  apostleship  does  Paul 

give? 
Why  did  Paul  avoid  preaching  where  Christ  was  aU 

ready  known  ? 
Whswt  is  meant  by  the  clause  "  lest  I  should  build  on 

another  man's  foundation  1" 
(31)  With  what  view  does  Paul  quote  Is.  52:  15  ? 


165 

(22)  What  had  prevented  Paul's  visiting  Rome  1 
(23,  24)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  having 

no  more  place  ?" 
When  did  Paul  expect  to  see  them  ? 
Did  Paul  ever    accompUsh  his    pm-pose  of  going  to 

Spain  ] 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  to  be  brought 

on  my  way  ?"  see  Acts  15:  3.  20:  38. 
(25)  Where  w^as  Paul  now  about  to  go  ? 
For  what  purpose  was  he  going  to  Jerusalem  ]    . 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  to  minister  P  Heb. 

6:  10.  Matt.  8:  15. 
(26,  27)  By  whom  was  this  contribution  made  1 
Where  are  Macedonia  and  Achaia  ] 
How  does  Paul  show  that  it  was  reasonable  that  this 

contribution  should  he  made  ^ 

(28)  What  did  Paul  intend  doing  when  he  had  accom- 
plished his  mission  to  Jerusalem  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  sealed  unto  them  this 
fruit  r' 

(29)  What  did  Paul  expect  would  be  the  result  of  his 
visit  to  Rome  ? 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  fulness  of  the  bless- 
ing of  the  gospel  1" 

(30)  What  did  Paul  beseech  them  to  do "? 
By  wiiat  motives  did  he  enforce  this  request  1 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  for  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ's  sake  ?" 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  for  the  love  of  the 
Spirit  r' 

What  is  the  force  of  the  expression  "  that  ye  strive  to- 
gether with  me .?" 

(31)  For  what  did  the  apostle  wish  them  to  pray  ? 
What  reason  had  Paul  to  apprehend  violence  in  Jeru- 
salem] see  Acts  21  and  22. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  service  here  ? 


•  ^  166 

,(32)  What  does  he  here  direct  them  to  pray  for  1 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  by  the  will  of  God  ?" 
(33)  For  what  blessing  does  Paul  pray  ? 
What  is  meant  by  "the  peace  of  God  1" 

Doctrines. 
What  doctrine  respecting  the  scriptures  is  taught  in 

v.4> 
What  is  taught  in  vs.  5,  13,  respecting  the  origin  of  the 

Christian  graces  1 
What  rule  for  Christian  communion  is  given  in  v.  7  ? 
What  is  proved  with  regard  to  the  authority  of  the  Old 

Testament  by  the  manner  in  which  it  is  here  quoted] 
What  is  the  nature  of  the  ministerial  office?  v.  16. 
How  has  God  confirmed  the  truth  of  the  gospel  ?  v.  19. 
What  argument  does  success  in  preaching  afford  of  the 

truth  of  the  doctrines  preached  ?  vs.  18,  19  ? 
What  doctrine  as  to  prayer  is  taught  in  vs.  30,  31  ? 

I{ema7^ks. 

What  is  the  principal  duty  inculcated  in  vs.  1 — 13  1 

What  duty  is  taught  in  v.  2  ? 

In  what  light  ought  the  character  of  Christ  to  be  view- 
ed 1  vs.  4—13. 

In  what  way  ought  the  scriptures  to  be  used  ^  vs.  4, 
5,  13. 

What  is  taught  as  to  dissensions  among  Christians  in 
ys,  5— 7  > 

What  directions  for  the  discharge  of  the  office  of  a  mo« 
nitor  are  given  in  vs.  14,  15  ] 

What  admonition  is  contained  in  vs.  19,  20  ? 

What  duty  as  to  liberality  is  taught  in  vs.  26,  27  ? 

What  instruction  may  be  derived  from  v.  21  ? 

What  duty  as  to  prayer  is  taught  in  v.  33  ? 


167 


CHAPTER    XVL 


What  are  the  contents  of  vs.  1,  2? 
What  are  the  contents  of  vs.  3 — 16  1 
What  are  the  contents  of  vs.  22 — 24 1 
What  are  the  contents  of  vs.  25 — 27? 


CHAP.   16:  1—27. 


'I  commend  unto  you  Phebe  our  sister,  which  is  a' 
servant  of  the  church  which  is  at  Cenchrea;  ^that  ye' 
receive  her  in  the  Lord,  as  becoraeth  saints,  and  that  ye 
assist  her  in  whatsoever  business  she  hath  need  of  you: 
for  she  hath  been  a  succourer  of  many,  and  of  myself 
also.  ^Greet  Priscillaand  Aquila,  my  helpers  in  Christ 
Jesus  :  -^who  have  for  my  life  laid  down  their  own  necks : 
unto  whom  not  only  I  give  thanks,  but  also  all  the 
churches  of  the  Gentiles.  ^Lij^ewise  greet  the  church 
that  is  in  their  house.  Salute  my  well-beloved  Epene- 
tus,  who  is  the  first  fruits  of  Achaia  unto  Christ.  ^Greet 
Maiy  ;  who  bestowed  much  labour  on  us.  ^Salute  An- 
dronicus  and  Junia,  my  kinsmen  and  my  fellow-prison- 
er?, who  are  of  note  among  the  apostles ;  who  also  were 
in  Christ  before  me.  ^  Greet  Amplias,  my  beloved  in 
the  Lord.  -Salute  Urbane,  our  helper  in  Christ ;  and 
Stachys  my  beloved.  '^Salute  Apelles,  approved  in 
Christ.  Salute  them  which  are  of  Aristobulus's  house- 
hold. ''Salute  Herodion  my  kinsman.  Greet  them 
that  be  of  the  household  of  Narcissus,  which  are  in  the 
Lord-  '-Salute  Tryphena  and  Tryphosa,  who  labour 
in  the  Lord.  Salute  the  beloved  Persis,  which  laboured 
much  in  the  liord.  i^galute  Rufus,  chosen  in  the  Lord ; 
and  his  mother  and  mine.  '^Salute  Asyncritus,  Phle- 
gon,  Hermas,  Patrobas,  Hermes,  and  the  brethren  which 
are  with  them.     '^Salute  Philologus,  and  Julia,  Nereu^/ 


168 

and  his  sister,  and  Olympas,  and  all  the  saints  which 
are  with  them,  legalute  one  another  with  an  holy  kissc 
The  churches  of  Christ  salute  you. 

i^Now  I  beseech  you,  brethren,  mark  them  which 
cause  divisions  and  offences  contrary  to  the  doctrine 
which  ye  have  learned  ;  and  avoid  them,  i' For  they  that 
are  such  serve  not  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  but  their  own 
belly ;  and  by  good  words  and  fair  speeches  deceive  the 
hearts  of  the  simple.  ''For  your  obedience  is  come 
abroad  unto  all  men.  I  am  glad  therefore  on  your  be- 
half; but  yet  I  would  have  you  wise  unto  that  which  is 
good,  and  simple  concerning  evil.  2oAnd  the  God  of 
peace  shall  bruise  Satan  under  your  feet  shortly.  The 
gi-ace  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  be  with  you.   Amen. 

2'Timotheus  my  work-fellow,  and  Lucius,  and  Jason, 
and  Sosipater,  my  kinsmen,  salute  you.  221  Tertius, 
who  wrote  this  epistle,  salute  you  in  the  Lord.  ^oQaius 
mine  host,  and  of  the  whole  church,  saluteth  you. 
Erastus  the  chamberlain  of  the  city  saluteth  you,  and 
Quartus  a  brother.  24The  grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  he  with  you  all.   Amen. 

25N0W  to  him  that  is  of  power  to  establish  you  ac- 
cording to  my  gospel  and  the  preaching  of  Jesus  Christ, 
(according  to  the  revelation  of  the  mystery,  which  was 
kept  secret  since  the  world  began,  -%ut  now  is  made 
manifest,  and  by  the  scriptures  of  the  prophets,  accord- 
ing to  the  commandment  of  the  everlasting  God,  made 
known  to  all  nations  for  the  obedience  of  faith ;)  27to 
God  only  wise,  he  glory,  through  Jesus  Christ,  for  ever. 
Amen. 

V     Written  to  the  Romans  from  Corinthus,  and  sent  by 
Phebe,  servant  of  the  church  at  Cenchrea. 

Commentary. 

(1)  Who  was  Phebe  i> 

What  is  feeant  by  the  word  servant  in  this  place  ? 

What  were  the  duties  of  the  deaconesses  ?  1  Tim.  5:  10. 


169? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  commend  ? 

(2)  What  did  Paul  request  the  Romans  to  do  fof 
Phebe? 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  receive  her  in 

the  Lord r 
Why  were  they  required  to  receive  and  aid  her  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  succourer  ? 

(3)  Who  were  Priscilla  and  Aquila?  Acts  18:  2,  18, 
26.  1  Cor.  16:  19. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  my  helpers  in 
Christ  Jesiis  ? 

(4)  What  special  claim  had  Aquila  and  Priscilla  on  the 
gratitude  of  Paul  and  of  the  Gentile  churches  } 

(6)  What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  the  church 

which  is  in  then  house  ]" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  the  first  fruits  of 

Achaia  ?" 
How  is  this  passage  to  be  reconciled  with  1  Cor.  16:  \b} 
(6)  In  what  sense  were  Andronicus  and  Junia  Paul's 

kinsmen  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  who  were  of 

note  among  the  apostles  "?" 
(8 — 15)  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "be-- 

loved  in  the  Lord?" 
In  v.  9  what  is  meant  by  "  helper  in  Christ  ?" 
In  v.  12  what  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "who 

labour  in  the  Lord  ?" 

(16)  In  what  manner  was  it  customary  among  the  early 
Christians  to  salute  each  other?  1  Cor.  16:  20. 
1  Thess.  5:  26., 

(17)  What  duty  is  here  urged  on  the  Roman  Chris- 
tians ^ 

What  is  meant  by  the  words  divisions  and  offences? 
How  are  errorists  to  be  treated  r* 

(18)  How  are  these  errorists  described] 

P 


170 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  by  good  words  and 

fair  speeches'?" 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  simple  ? 

(19)  In  what  sense  is  the  word  obedience  to  be  here 
Tinderstood  ?  .; 

What  reason  does  this  verse  assign  for  the  duty  urged 

in  V.  17? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  wise  unto  that 

which  is  good?" 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  simple  concerning  evil  ?" 

(20)  Why  is  God  called  the  "  God  of  peace  ?" 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  shall  bruise  Satan 

under  your  feet  ?" 
What  argument  does  the  last  clause  of  this  verse  afford 

for  the  di^inity  of  Christ  ? 
(21 — 24)  In  what  sense  did  Tertius  write  this  epistle? 

compare  Gal.  6:  11.  1  Cor.  16:  21.  2  Thess.  3:  17. 
What  is  meant  by  the  expression  ''  salute  you  in  the 

Lord  r' 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  host  ? 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  chamberlain  P 

(25)  WTiat  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  to  estabUsh 
youl" 

W^hat  is  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  according  to  my 

gospel  ?" 
What  does  the  expression  "  the  preaching  of  Jesus 

Christ"  mean  ? 
WTiat  is  the  meaning  of  the  clause  "  according  to  the 

revelation  of  the  mystery?" 
In  what  sense  is  the  gospel  a  mystery  ? 

(26)  How  is  it  now  revealed  ? 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  scriptures  of  the  prophets  1" 
To  whom  is  the  gospel  now  revealed  ] 
For  what  purpose  is  it  thus  revealed  ? 
What  is  meant  by  the  phrase  "  for  the  obedience  of  the 
iaith?" 


171 

(27)  Why  is  God  called  "  the  only  wise  God  ?'^ 
Does  the  relative  -whom  refer  to  Christ  or  to  God  f 


Remarks. 

What  duty  is  taught  in  vs.  1,2? 

How  ought  Christians  to  regard  each  other  } 

What  may  be  learned  from  the  conduct  of  the  early  fe-' 

male  Christians  ?  vs.  1,  2,  3,  6,  12. 
How  does  it  appear  that  the  injunction  given  in  v.  1 6  is 

not  still  binding  on  us  ? 
What  duty  is  enjoined  in  v.  17  ? 
What  are  the  general  characteristics  of  false  teachers  } 

V.  18. 
What  duty  is  taught  in  v.  19  ? 
How  is  the  stability  of  the  church  to  be  preserved  1  vs. 

25,  27. 
What  is  taught  concerning  the  gospel  in  vs.  25,  26  ] 
What  feeUng  ought  we  to  exercise  towards  God  ? 
How  does  it  appear  that  the  subscriptions  at  the  end  oiT 

the  several  epistles  weYd  not  written  by  the  apostles  ^ 


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Questions  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans 

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